---
title: opponent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «opponent» in the school dictionary: A person or team that you play, compete or fight against. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# opponent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, person, opponent, boxer, opponents, She · **What happens:** play, compete, fight, disagree, argue, shake · **To what, where:** that, hands, opponent, red shirts, letters, newspaper

<!-- .vabout -->
«opponent» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [opponent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/opponent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person or team that you play, compete or fight against.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opponent:m1:1
# text = A person or team that you play, compete or fight against.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	compete	compete	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	fight	fight	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | you | that |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **compete** | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fight** | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who disagrees with an idea or plan and argues against it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opponent:m2:1
# text = A person who disagrees with an idea or plan and argues against it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	disagrees	disagree	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	argues	argue	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disagree** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | with a idea or plan | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme whether S»: agent=Agent with idea=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against plan | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shake hands with your opponent after the match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opponent:x1:1
# text = Shake hands with your opponent after the match.
1	Shake	shake	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | imperative | you *not said here* | hands |  |  | after the match | with your opponent | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient with opponent=Co-Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My opponent in the chess game was very clever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opponent:x2:1
# text = My opponent in the chess game was very clever.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | My opponent in the chess game |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boxer knocked his opponent down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opponent:x3:1
# text = The boxer knocked his opponent down.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boxer	boxer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knocked	knock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock down** | past | the boxer | boxer's opponent |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent opponent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team's opponents wore red shirts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opponent:x4:1
# text = Our team's opponents wore red shirts.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	opponents	opponent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	shirts	shirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | Our team's opponents | red shirts |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shirt=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Respect your opponent, even if you lose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opponent:x5:1
# text = Respect your opponent, even if you lose.
1	Respect	respect	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **respect** | imperative | you *not said here* | your opponent |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer opponent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **lose** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Opponents of the plan wrote letters to the newspaper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opponent:x6:1
# text = Opponents of the plan wrote letters to the newspaper.
1	Opponents	opponent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Opponents of the plan | letters | the newspaper |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to newspaper=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She beat every opponent in the tournament.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opponent:x7:1
# text = She beat every opponent in the tournament.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tournament	tournament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past | She | every opponent |  |  |  | in the tournament | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent opponent=Patient in tournament=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He soon proved that he was no unworthy pupil of Eurytus, for he signally defeated all his opponents.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opponent:x8:1
# text = He soon proved that he was no unworthy pupil of Eurytus, for he signally defeated all his opponents.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
3	proved	prove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
8	unworthy	unworthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Eurytus	Eurytus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	signally	signally	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	defeated	defeat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	19	det:predet	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	opponents	opponent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | past | He |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | he | no unworthy pupil |  |  |  | of Eurytus | tree rules |
| 3 | **defeat** | past | Eurytus | Eurytus's opponents |  |  |  | signally *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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