---
title: optical — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «optical» in the school dictionary: To do with seeing and the eyes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# optical

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** light, instruments, picture, two lines, Optical fibres, telescope · **What happens:** do, see, travel, use, be, look · **To what, where:** light, optical illusion, same length, internet signals, optical instrument, tiny light

<!-- .vabout -->
«optical» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [optical in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/optical.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with seeing and the eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optical:m1:1
# text = To do with seeing and the eyes.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with light and how it travels, or with instruments that use light, such as lenses, microscopes and telescopes.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optical:m2:1
# text = To do with light and how it travels, or with instruments that use light, such as lenses, microscopes and telescopes.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	instruments	instrument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	lenses	lens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	microscopes	microscope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	telescopes	telescope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with light | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **travel** | present | light |  |  |  |  | with instruments | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | present | instruments | light and lenses and microscopes and telescopes |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The picture is an optical illusion: the two lines look different but are the same length.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optical:x1:1
# text = The picture is an optical illusion: the two lines look different but are the same length.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	optical	optical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	illusion	illusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
12	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the picture | a optical illusion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present | the two lines |  |  |  |  | different *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the two lines *not said here* | the same length |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Optical fibres carry internet signals as flashes of light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optical:x2:1
# text = Optical fibres carry internet signals as flashes of light.
1	Optical	optical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	fibres	fibre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flashes	flash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | Optical fibres | internet signals |  |  |  | as flashes of light | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme |
| 2 | **flash** |  | light |  |  |  |  |  | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A telescope is an optical instrument.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optical:x3:1
# text = A telescope is an optical instrument.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	optical	optical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a telescope | a optical instrument |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The optical mouse uses a tiny light to see movement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optical:x4:1
# text = The optical mouse uses a tiny light to see movement.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	optical	optical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | the optical mouse | a tiny light |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | the optical mouse *not said here* | movement |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer movement=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Optical shops sell glasses and contact lenses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optical:x5:1
# text = Optical shops sell glasses and contact lenses.
1	Optical	optical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sell	sell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	lenses	lens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | Optical shops | glasses and contact lenses |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magician used optical tricks with mirrors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optical:x6:1
# text = The magician used optical tricks with mirrors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	optical	optical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tricks	trick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mirrors	mirror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the magician | optical tricks |  |  |  | with mirrors | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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