---
title: optimistic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «optimistic» in the school dictionary: Hopeful and believing good things will happen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# optimistic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hopeful good things, Hoping, She, we, coach, That · **What happens:** believe, happen, hope, be, lose, stay · **To what, where:** more, whole house, optimistic guess, 100 people, you

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«optimistic» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [optimistic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/optimistic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hopeful and believing good things will happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optimistic:m1:1
# text = Hopeful and believing good things will happen.
1	Hopeful	hopeful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	believing	believe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | gerund | Hopeful good things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **happen** | future | Hopeful good things |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of a guess or plan — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hoping for more than is likely (an optimistic estimate).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optimistic:m2:1
# text = Hoping for more than is likely (an optimistic estimate).
1	Hoping	hope	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	1	obj	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	optimistic	optimistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	estimate	estimate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hope** | gerund |  | more |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Hoping |  |  |  |  | likely *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She's optimistic about the test tomorrow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optimistic:x1:1
# text = She's optimistic about the test tomorrow.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	optimistic	optimistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | about the test  tomorrow; optimistic *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even when we lose, our coach stays optimistic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optimistic:x2:1
# text = Even when we lose, our coach stays optimistic.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	optimistic	optimistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stay** | present | our coach |  |  |  |  | optimistic *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ten minutes to tidy the whole house? That's optimistic!

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ten minutes to tidy the whole house?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optimistic:x3:1
# text = Ten minutes to tidy the whole house?
1	Ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	tidy	tidy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tidy** | to-infinitive |  | the whole house |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* That's optimistic!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optimistic:x3:2
# text = That's optimistic!
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	optimistic	optimistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | That |  |  |  |  | optimistic *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm optimistic it will stop raining.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optimistic:x4:1
# text = I'm optimistic it will stop raining.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	optimistic	optimistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
7	raining	rain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | optimistic *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | future | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **rain** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave an optimistic guess of 100 people coming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optimistic:x5:1
# text = He gave an optimistic guess of 100 people coming.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	optimistic	optimistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | a optimistic guess of 100 people |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guess=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | gerund | 100 people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **guess** |  |  | 100 people |  |  |  |  | nom guess «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being optimistic helps you keep trying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:optimistic:x6:1
# text = Being optimistic helps you keep trying.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	optimistic	optimistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	csubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | optimistic *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | present |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **keep** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **try** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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