---
title: orangutan — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «orangutan» in the school dictionary: An orangutan is a large, intelligent ape with long reddish-orange hair and very long arms, which lives in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra in South-East Asia. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# orangutan

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** orangutan, large intelligent ape, Orangutans, name, Their, baby orangutan · **What happens:** be, live, spend, swing, mean, name · **To what, where:** large intelligent ape, rainforests, most, trees, largest living animals, branch

<!-- .vabout -->
«orangutan» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [orangutan in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/orangutan.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An orangutan is a large, intelligent ape with long reddish-orange hair and very long arms, which lives in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra in South-East Asia.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orangutan:m1:1
# text = An orangutan is a large, intelligent ape with long reddish-orange hair and very long arms, which lives in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra in South-East Asia.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	orangutan	orangutan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ape	ape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
11	reddish	reddish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	very	very	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	rainforests	rainforest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Borneo	Borneo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	Sumatra	Sumatra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
30	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a orangutan | a large intelligent ape and long arms |  |  |  | with long orange hair | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | a large intelligent ape and long arms |  |  | the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra in East Asia |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rainforest=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Orangutans spend most of their lives in trees and are the largest tree-living animals.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orangutan:m2:1
# text = Orangutans spend most of their lives in trees and are the largest tree-living animals.
1	Orangutans	orangutan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spend	spend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
12	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	16	amod	_	_
13	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	amod	_	_
16	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | present | Orangutans | most of Orangutans's lives |  | trees |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Asset |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Orangutans *not said here* | the largest living animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The orangutan swung slowly from branch to branch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orangutan:x1:1
# text = The orangutan swung slowly from branch to branch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	orangutan	orangutan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | past | the orangutan |  |  | branch |  | to branch *result*; slowly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient from branch=Initial\_State to branch=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Orangutans live only on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orangutan:x2:1
# text = Orangutans live only on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra.
1	Orangutans	orangutan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Borneo	Borneo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Sumatra	Sumatra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Orangutans |  |  | the islands of Borneo and Sumatra |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on island=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their name means «person of the forest».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orangutan:x3:1
# text = Their name means «person of the forest».
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Their name | person of the forest |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Topic |
| 2 | **name** |  | Their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby orangutan stays with its mother for years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orangutan:x4:1
# text = A baby orangutan stays with its mother for years.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	orangutan	orangutan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | present | a baby orangutan |  |  |  | year | with orangutan's mother | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with mother=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Orangutans build a fresh leafy nest each night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orangutan:x5:1
# text = Orangutans build a fresh leafy nest each night.
1	Orangutans	orangutan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	build	build	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	leafy	leafy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present | Orangutans | a fresh leafy nest |  |  | night |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cutting down the rainforest puts orangutans in danger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orangutan:x6:1
# text = Cutting down the rainforest puts orangutans in danger.
1	Cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	down	down	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	orangutans	orangutan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut down** | gerund |  | the rainforest |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rainforest=Product |
| 2 | **put** | present | Cutting | orangutans |  | danger |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent orangutan=Theme in danger=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The orangutan held a big leaf over its head like an umbrella.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orangutan:x7:1
# text = The orangutan held a big leaf over its head like an umbrella.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	orangutan	orangutan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the orangutan | a big leaf |  | orangutan's head like a umbrella |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme over head=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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