---
title: oratory — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «oratory» in the school dictionary: The skill of giving powerful, good speeches in public. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# oratory

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** skill, sun, Martin, debating club, you, Ancient Romans · **What happens:** give, seem, rise, think, move, debate · **To what, where:** powerful good speeches, public, place, millions, you, oratory

<!-- .vabout -->
«oratory» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [oratory in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/oratory.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The skill of giving powerful, good speeches in public.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oratory:m1:1
# text = The skill of giving powerful, good speeches in public.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	speeches	speech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | gerund | the skill *not said here* | powerful good speeches |  | public |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small chapel or room for private prayer; also a particular Catholic community and its church, like the London Oratory.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oratory:m2:1
# text = A small chapel or room for private prayer; also a particular Catholic community and its church, like the London Oratory.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chapel	chapel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	also	also	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	Catholic	catholic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Oratory	Oratory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: poetic — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The place in the east where the sun seems to rise, thought of as a small chapel.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oratory:m3:1
# text = The place in the east where the sun seems to rise, thought of as a small chapel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	acl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	chapel	chapel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | present | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **rise** | to-infinitive | the sun *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | participle |  | the place in the east *not said here* |  |  |  | of a small chapel | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Martin Luther King Jr.'s oratory moved millions of people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oratory:x1:1
# text = Martin Luther King Jr.'s oratory moved millions of people.
1	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	Luther	Luther	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	Jr.	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	oratory	oratory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | Martin | millions of people |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent million=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The debating club helps you improve your oratory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oratory:x2:1
# text = The debating club helps you improve your oratory.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	debating	debate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	improve	improve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	oratory	oratory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **debate** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **help** | present | the debating club | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **improve** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your oratory |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent oratory=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient Romans studied oratory at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oratory:x3:1
# text = Ancient Romans studied oratory at school.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	oratory	oratory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | Ancient Romans | oratory |  | school |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oratory=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle has a tiny oratory where the family prayed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oratory:x4:1
# text = The castle has a tiny oratory where the family prayed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	oratory	oratory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	prayed	pray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the castle | a tiny oratory |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oratory=Patient |
| 2 | **pray** | past | the family |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His oratory made the crowd cheer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oratory:x5:1
# text = His oratory made the crowd cheer.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	oratory	oratory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cheer	cheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | His oratory | the crowd cheer |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cheer=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Brompton Oratory is a large Catholic church in London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oratory:x6:1
# text = The Brompton Oratory is a large Catholic church in London.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Brompton	Brompton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Oratory	Oratory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Catholic	catholic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Brompton Oratory | a large Catholic church |  | London |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He exchanged his royal dress for another, and next morning, just as the sun looked forth from its eastern oratory, he went again into the city.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oratory:x7:1
# text = He exchanged his royal dress for another, and next morning, just as the sun looked forth from its eastern oratory, he went again into the city.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exchanged	exchange	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	just	just	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
18	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	oratory	oratory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
26	again	again	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	into	into	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exchange** | past | He | his royal dress |  |  | morning | for another | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent dress=Theme for another=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **look** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  | from sun's eastern oratory; forth *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from oratory=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | past | he |  |  | the city | again |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into city=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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