---
title: orphan — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «orphan» in the school dictionary: An orphan is a child whose parents have both died. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# orphan

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** orphan, parents, Anne, baby, zoo, Bible · **What happens:** be, die, orphan, become, lose, leave · **To what, where:** child, orphan, orphan animal, single line, top, farm · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«orphan» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [orphan in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/orphan.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An orphan is a child whose parents have both died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orphan:m1:1
# text = An orphan is a child whose parents have both died.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	orphan	orphan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	both	both	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a orphan | a child |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** | present · perfect | parents |  |  |  |  | both *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be orphaned is to become an orphan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orphan:m2:1
# text = To be orphaned is to become an orphan.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	orphaned	orphan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	orphan	orphan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **orphan** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP» |
| 2 | **become** | to-infinitive |  | a orphan |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An orphan animal has lost its mother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orphan:m3:1
# text = An orphan animal has lost its mother.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	orphan	orphan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present · perfect · passive |  | a orphan animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: printing, computing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An orphan is a single line or word left alone at the top or bottom of a page.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orphan:m4:1
# text = An orphan is a single line or word left alone at the top or bottom of a page.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	orphan	orphan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
10	alone	alone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a orphan | a single line or word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | a single line or word *not said here* |  | the top or bottom of a page |  | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent at top=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Anne Shirley was an orphan who went to live on a farm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orphan:x1:1
# text = Anne Shirley was an orphan who went to live on a farm.
1	Anne	Anne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Shirley	Shirley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	orphan	orphan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Anne |  |  |  |  | orphan *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **live** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a farm |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on farm=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The orphan was looked after by her aunt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orphan:x2:1
# text = The orphan was looked after by her aunt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	orphan	orphan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past · passive |  | the orphan |  |  | after orphan's aunt |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Harry Potter was orphaned as a baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orphan:x3:1
# text = Harry Potter was orphaned as a baby.
1	Harry	Harry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Potter	Potter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	orphaned	orphan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **orphan** | past · passive | a baby | Harry |  |  |  |  | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The zoo is raising an orphaned baby elephant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orphan:x4:1
# text = The zoo is raising an orphaned baby elephant.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	raising	raise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	orphaned	orphan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | present · progressive | the zoo | a orphaned baby elephant |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elephant=Theme |
| 2 | **orphan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Bible tells believers to care for orphans and widows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orphan:x5:1
# text = The Bible tells believers to care for orphans and widows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	believers	believer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	care	care	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	orphans	orphan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	widows	widow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the Bible | believers |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent believer=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **care** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | believers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for orphans and widows | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for orphan=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An orphanage was once a home for orphans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:orphan:x6:1
# text = An orphanage was once a home for orphans.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	orphanage	orphanage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	orphans	orphan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a orphanage | a home |  |  |  | for orphans; once *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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