---
title: ostracise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ostracise» in the school dictionary: To leave someone out of a group on purpose and refuse to talk to them or include them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ostracise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** group, Ostracising, people, He, nobody, him · **What happens:** leave, refuse, not talk, include, ostracise, tell · **To what, where:** someone, group, them, her, truth, game · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ostracise» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ostracise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ostracise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To leave someone out of a group on purpose and refuse to talk to them or include them.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracise:m1:1
# text = To leave someone out of a group on purpose and refuse to talk to them or include them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  | a group |  | on purpose | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent someone=Theme out group=Location |
| 2 | **refuse** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **talk** | to-infinitive |  |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to they=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **include** | present |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The group ostracised her after she told the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracise:x1:1
# text = The group ostracised her after she told the truth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ostracised	ostracise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ostracise** | past | the group | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | group | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ostracising someone from a game is a kind of bullying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracise:x2:1
# text = Ostracising someone from a game is a kind of bullying.
1	Ostracising	ostracise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ostracise** | gerund |  | someone |  | a game |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Ostracising | a kind |  |  |  | of bullying | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In ancient Athens, people voted to ostracise powerful citizens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracise:x3:1
# text = In ancient Athens, people voted to ostracise powerful citizens.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	voted	vote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	ostracise	ostracise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | past | people |  |  | ancient Athens |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ostracise** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | powerful citizens |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He felt ostracised when nobody let him sit with them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracise:x4:1
# text = He felt ostracised when nobody let him sit with them.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ostracised	ostracise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	nsubj	_	_
6	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **ostracise** | participle | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive | nobody | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **sit** | infinitive | him *= he* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with them *= they* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We should never ostracise a new pupil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracise:x5:1
# text = We should never ostracise a new pupil.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	ostracise	ostracise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **ostracise** | should | We | a new pupil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The village ostracised the family for years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracise:x6:1
# text = The village ostracised the family for years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ostracised	ostracise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ostracise** | past | the village | the family |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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