---
title: ostracism — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ostracism» in the school dictionary: Leaving someone out on purpose, so they are not included by a group. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ostracism

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** group, Leaving, bullying, new girl, girl, ostracism · **What happens:** leave out, not include, send, be, call, suffer · **To what, where:** someone, purpose, they, powerful citizen, city, form · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ostracism» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ostracism in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ostracism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaving someone out on purpose, so they are not included by a group.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracism:m1:1
# text = Leaving someone out on purpose, so they are not included by a group.
1	Leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	included	include	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave out** | gerund |  | someone |  | purpose |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **include** | present · passive | a group | they |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In ancient Athens, a vote to send a powerful citizen away from the city for ten years.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracism:m2:1
# text = In ancient Athens, a vote to send a powerful citizen away from the city for ten years.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vote	vote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	citizen	citizen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	away	away	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | to-infinitive |  | a powerful citizen |  | the city | year | away *property* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent citizen=Theme from city=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaving someone out on purpose is a form of bullying called ostracism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracism:x1:1
# text = Leaving someone out on purpose is a form of bullying called ostracism.
1	Leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	ostracism	ostracism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave out** | gerund |  | someone |  | purpose |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Leaving | a form |  |  |  | of bullying | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | participle | bullying *not said here* | ostracism |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new girl suffered ostracism because she was different.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracism:x2:1
# text = The new girl suffered ostracism because she was different.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	ostracism	ostracism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | past | the new girl | ostracism |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ostracism=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | girl |  |  |  |  | different *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Athens, ostracism sent a man away for ten years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracism:x3:1
# text = In Athens, ostracism sent a man away for ten years.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	ostracism	ostracism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send away** | past | ostracism | a man |  | Athens | year | away *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Voters scratched names on pieces of pottery for an ostracism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracism:x4:1
# text = Voters scratched names on pieces of pottery for an ostracism.
1	Voters	voter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scratched	scratch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	pottery	pottery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ostracism	ostracism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch** | past | Voters | names |  | pieces of pottery for a ostracism |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme on piece=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ostracism can make people feel lonely and unwanted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracism:x5:1
# text = Ostracism can make people feel lonely and unwanted.
1	Ostracism	ostracism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Ostracism | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | lonely *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class talked about how to stop ostracism in the playground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ostracism:x6:1
# text = Our class talked about how to stop ostracism in the playground.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	ostracism	ostracism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | past | Our class |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | Our class *not said here* | ostracism |  | the playground |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality ostracism=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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