---
title: otherwise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «otherwise» in the school dictionary: Otherwise means «if not» or «or else»: what will happen if something is not done. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# otherwise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, we, soup, I, number, Mum · **What happens:** not mean, happen, not do, mean, wear, get · **To what, where:** something, coat, bus, number, seats, hands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«otherwise» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [otherwise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/otherwise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Otherwise means «if not» or «or else»: what will happen if something is not done.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:m1:1
# text = Otherwise means «if not» or «or else»: what will happen if something is not done.
1	Otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	else	else	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	15	nsubj	_	_
14	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
16	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	20	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | otherwise *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **happen** | future |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **do** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Otherwise means «apart from that» or «in other ways».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:m2:1
# text = Otherwise means «apart from that» or «in other ways».
1	Otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | otherwise *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apart=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Otherwise means «differently» or «in a different way».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:m3:1
# text = Otherwise means «differently» or «in a different way».
1	Otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	differently	differently	ADV	RB	_	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | otherwise *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent differently=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear your coat, otherwise you'll get cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:x1:1
# text = Wear your coat, otherwise you'll get cold.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | your coat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | future | you |  |  |  |  | cold, otherwise *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurry up, otherwise we'll miss the bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:x2:1
# text = Hurry up, otherwise we'll miss the bus.
1	Hurry	hurry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	miss	miss	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurry up** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **miss** | future | we | the bus |  |  |  | otherwise *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bus=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soup was a bit salty, but otherwise it was lovely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:x3:1
# text = The soup was a bit salty, but otherwise it was lovely.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the soup |  |  |  |  | a bit *obl:unmarked*; salty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | soup |  |  |  |  | lovely, otherwise *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I was tired, but otherwise I felt fine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:x4:1
# text = I was tired, but otherwise I felt fine.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  |  | fine, otherwise *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If the number is even, colour it red; otherwise colour it blue.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:x5:1
# text = If the number is even, colour it red; otherwise colour it blue.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	colour	colour	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	colour	colour	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the number |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **colour** | imperative | you *not said here* | number |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **colour** | infinitive | you *not said here* | number |  |  |  | blue, otherwise *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stay in your seats unless I say otherwise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:x6:1
# text = Stay in your seats unless I say otherwise.
1	Stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	seats	seat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	unless	unless	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your seats |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in seat=Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *a condition, not said to happen* | present | I |  |  |  |  | otherwise *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum thought it would rain, but Dad thought otherwise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:x7:1
# text = Mum thought it would rain, but Dad thought otherwise.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | Mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rain** | would | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | past | Dad |  |  |  |  | otherwise *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands, otherwise germs can spread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:x8:1
# text = Wash your hands, otherwise germs can spread.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **spread** | can | germs |  |  |  |  | otherwise *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Otherwise you must die upon the spot."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:otherwise:x9:1
# text = Otherwise you must die upon the spot."
1	Otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | must | you |  |  |  |  | upon the spot; otherwise *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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