---
title: ottoman — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ottoman» in the school dictionary: The Ottoman Empire was a large, long-lasting empire ruled by Turkish sultans from Istanbul, covering Turkey and lands in south-east Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ottoman

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ottoman Empire, large lasting empire, Ottoman, Ottomans, sultans, Ottoman armies · **What happens:** last, be, rule, cover, mean, pad · **To what, where:** large lasting empire, Turkey, rulers, low padded seat, Ottoman Empire, Istanbul

<!-- .vabout -->
«ottoman» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ottoman in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ottoman.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Ottoman Empire was a large, long-lasting empire ruled by Turkish sultans from Istanbul, covering Turkey and lands in south-east Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ottoman:m1:1
# text = The Ottoman Empire was a large, long-lasting empire ruled by Turkish sultans from Istanbul, covering Turkey and lands in south-east Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Ottoman	Ottoman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	lasting	last	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Turkish	Turkish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	sultans	sultan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:agent	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Istanbul	Istanbul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
20	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the Ottoman Empire | a large lasting empire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **rule** | participle |  | a large lasting empire *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cover** | gerund | a large lasting empire *not said here* |  | Turkey and lands |  |  | in east Europe and the Middle East and North Africa | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent turkey=Destination in europe=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ottoman means of or about that empire; «the Ottomans» are its rulers and people.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ottoman:m2:1
# text = Ottoman means of or about that empire; «the Ottomans» are its rulers and people.
1	Ottoman	ottoman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Ottomans	Ottoman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ottoman |  |  |  |  | of that empire | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the Ottomans | Ottoman's rulers and people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ottoman (small o) is a low, padded seat or footstool, often with a lid and storage space inside.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ottoman:m3:1
# text = An ottoman (small o) is a low, padded seat or footstool, often with a lid and storage space inside.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ottoman	ottoman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	o	o	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	padded	pad	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	footstool	footstool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	storage	storage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
23	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pad** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a ottoman | a low padded seat or footstool |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Ottoman Empire was ruled by sultans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ottoman:x1:1
# text = The Ottoman Empire was ruled by sultans.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Ottoman	Ottoman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sultans	sultan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past · passive | sultans | the Ottoman Empire |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Ottomans made Istanbul their capital.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ottoman:x2:1
# text = The Ottomans made Istanbul their capital.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Ottomans	Ottoman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Istanbul	Istanbul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the Ottomans | Istanbul |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent istanbul=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ottoman armies once reached Vienna.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ottoman:x3:1
# text = Ottoman armies once reached Vienna.
1	Ottoman	ottoman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	armies	army	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Vienna	Vienna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | Ottoman armies | Vienna |  |  |  | once *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent vienna=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Ottoman Empire ended after the First World War.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ottoman:x4:1
# text = The Ottoman Empire ended after the First World War.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Ottoman	Ottoman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	First	First	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
8	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | the Ottoman Empire |  |  |  | after the First World War |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put your feet up on the ottoman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ottoman:x5:1
# text = Put your feet up on the ottoman.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ottoman	ottoman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put up** | imperative | you *not said here* | your feet |  | the ottoman |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme on ottoman=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We keep the spare blankets inside the ottoman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ottoman:x6:1
# text = We keep the spare blankets inside the ottoman.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	spare	spare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	blankets	blanket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ottoman	ottoman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | We | the spare blankets |  | the ottoman |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent blanket=Theme inside ottoman=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ottoman palaces were decorated with beautiful tiles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ottoman:x7:1
# text = Ottoman palaces were decorated with beautiful tiles.
1	Ottoman	ottoman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	palaces	palace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	decorated	decorate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tiles	tile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decorate** | past · passive |  | Ottoman palaces |  |  |  | with beautiful tiles | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with tile=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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