---
title: outcrop — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «outcrop» in the school dictionary: A part of rock that sticks out of the ground or a hillside. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# outcrop

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**Who acts:** rock, We, outcrop, edges, Australian outback · **What happens:** stick out, appear, sit, eat, be, practise · **To what, where:** ground, unexpected place, rocky outcrop, lunch, Climbers, granite outcrop

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«outcrop» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [outcrop in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/outcrop.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A part of rock that sticks out of the ground or a hillside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outcrop:m1:1
# text = A part of rock that sticks out of the ground or a hillside.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hillside	hillside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick out** | present | rock | the ground or a hillside |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ground=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small group of something appearing in an unexpected place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outcrop:m2:1
# text = A small group of something appearing in an unexpected place.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nmod	_	_
6	appearing	appear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	unexpected	unexpected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | gerund |  |  |  | a unexpected place |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat on a rocky outcrop to eat our lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outcrop:x1:1
# text = We sat on a rocky outcrop to eat our lunch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	rocky	rocky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	outcrop	outcrop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | a rocky outcrop |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on outcrop=Location |
| 2 | **eat** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | our lunch |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The outcrop of limestone was full of fossils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outcrop:x2:1
# text = The outcrop of limestone was full of fossils.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	outcrop	outcrop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	limestone	limestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the outcrop of limestone |  |  |  |  | of fossils; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Climbers practised on the granite outcrop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outcrop:x3:1
# text = Climbers practised on the granite outcrop.
1	Climbers	climber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	practised	practise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	granite	granite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	outcrop	outcrop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | participle |  | Climbers *not said here* |  | the granite outcrop |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From the outcrop we could see the whole valley.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outcrop:x4:1
# text = From the outcrop we could see the whole valley.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	outcrop	outcrop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | we | the whole valley |  | the outcrop |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer valley=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful near outcrops; the edges can be crumbly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outcrop:x5:1
# text = Be careful near outcrops; the edges can be crumbly.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	csubj	_	_
3	near	near	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	outcrops	outcrop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	crumbly	crumbly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  | outcrops |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | can | the edges |  |  |  |  | crumbly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Australian outback has red rock outcrops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outcrop:x6:1
# text = The Australian outback has red rock outcrops.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	outback	outback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	outcrops	outcrop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Australian outback | red rock outcrops |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent outcrop=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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