---
title: outnumber — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «outnumber» in the school dictionary: To outnumber means to be more in number. If girls outnumber boys, there are more girls than boys. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# outnumber

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** girls, more girls, Cats, 12 boys, red cars, bikes · **What happens:** outnumber, mean, be, not give up, see, redress · **To what, where:** number, boys, dogs, girls, blue ones, cars · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«outnumber» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [outnumber in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/outnumber.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To outnumber means to be more in number. If girls outnumber boys, there are more girls than boys.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* To outnumber means to be more in number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:m1:1
# text = To outnumber means to be more in number.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	outnumber	outnumber	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **outnumber** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | number |  | more *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* If girls outnumber boys, there are more girls than boys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:m1:2
# text = If girls outnumber boys, there are more girls than boys.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	outnumber	outnumber	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **outnumber** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | girls | boys |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot boy=Theme |
| 2 | **does** | present | more girls than boys |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Girls outnumber boys by 4 in the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:x1:1
# text = Girls outnumber boys by 4 in the class.
1	Girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	outnumber	outnumber	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **outnumber** | present | Girls | boys |  |  |  | by 4; in the class | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot boy=Theme in class=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cats outnumber dogs 3 to 1.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:x2:1
# text = Cats outnumber dogs 3 to 1.
1	Cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	outnumber	outnumber	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **outnumber** | present | Cats | dogs |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot dog=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If there are 12 boys and girls outnumber them by 5, how many girls?

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:x3:1
# text = If there are 12 boys and girls outnumber them by 5, how many girls?
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	outnumber	outnumber	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | 12 boys and girls *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **outnumber** | present | 12 boys and girls | girls *= girl* |  |  |  | by 5; many girls *obl* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot they=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The red cars outnumber the blue ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:x4:1
# text = The red cars outnumber the blue ones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	outnumber	outnumber	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **outnumber** | present | the red cars | the blue ones |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot one=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In our town, bikes outnumber cars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:x5:1
# text = In our town, bikes outnumber cars.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	bikes	bike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	outnumber	outnumber	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **outnumber** | present | bikes | cars |  |  |  | in our town | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot car=Theme in town=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The small team was outnumbered but did not give up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:x6:1
# text = The small team was outnumbered but did not give up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	outnumbered	outnumber	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **outnumber** | past · passive |  | the small team |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **give up** | past · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ants outnumber people by far.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:x7:1
# text = Ants outnumber people by far.
1	Ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	outnumber	outnumber	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **outnumber** | present | Ants | people |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot people=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the party adults were outnumbered by children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:x8:1
# text = At the party adults were outnumbered by children.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	outnumbered	outnumber	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **outnumber** | past · passive | children | adults |  | the party |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jupiter, seeing that Mankind, the only rational creatures, were far outnumbered by the irrational beasts, bade him redress the balance by turning some of the latter into men.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:outnumber:x9:1
# text = Jupiter, seeing that Mankind, the only rational creatures, were far outnumbered by the irrational beasts, bade him redress the balance by turning some of the latter into men.
1	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
5	Mankind	Mankind	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	rational	rational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
14	outnumbered	outnumber	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	bade	bade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	redress	redress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
27	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	nmod	_	_
31	into	into	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | gerund | Jupiter |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **outnumber** | past · passive | the irrational beasts | Mankind and the only rational creatures |  |  |  | far *property* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |
| 3 | **redress** | infinitive | bade | the balance |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent balance=Recipient |
| 4 | **turn** | gerund | bade *not said here* | some |  |  |  | into men *result* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent some=Theme into man=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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