---
title: overboard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «overboard» in the school dictionary: Overboard means over the side of a boat or ship and into the water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# overboard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Overboard, pirate, Man, you, big wave, Mum · **What happens:** mean, go, do, be, throw, shout · **To what, where:** side, much, treasure map, captain, life jacket, bucket · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«overboard» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [overboard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/overboard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Overboard means over the side of a boat or ship and into the water.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overboard:m1:1
# text = Overboard means over the side of a boat or ship and into the water.
1	Overboard	Overboard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Overboard |  |  | the side of a boat or ship and the water |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To go overboard means to do too much of something, to be too excited or too extreme.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overboard:m2:1
# text = To go overboard means to do too much of something, to be too excited or too extreme.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	overboard	overboard	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	cop	_	_
14	too	too	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	excited	excited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	too	too	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	extreme	extreme	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | overboard *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | much of something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Eventuality |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | excited *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirate threw the treasure map overboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overboard:x1:1
# text = The pirate threw the treasure map overboard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	overboard	overboard	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | the pirate | the treasure map |  |  |  | overboard *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Man overboard!" shouted the captain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overboard:x2:1
# text = "Man overboard!" shouted the captain.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	overboard	overboard	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Man | the captain |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent captain=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always wear a life jacket in case you fall overboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overboard:x3:1
# text = Always wear a life jacket in case you fall overboard.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	9	mark	_	_
7	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	fixed	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	overboard	overboard	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | a life jacket |  |  |  | always *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent jacket=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | present | you |  |  |  |  | overboard *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A big wave washed the bucket overboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overboard:x4:1
# text = A big wave washed the bucket overboard.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bucket	bucket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	overboard	overboard	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | participle | a big wave *not said here* | the bucket |  |  |  | overboard *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bucket=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum went overboard with the Christmas lights this year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overboard:x5:1
# text = Mum went overboard with the Christmas lights this year.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	overboard	overboard	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lights	light	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Mum |  |  |  |  | overboard *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **light** | present | the Christmas |  |  |  | year |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't go overboard with the glitter — a little is enough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overboard:x6:1
# text = Don't go overboard with the glitter — a little is enough.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	overboard	overboard	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	glitter	glitter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **go** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the glitter; overboard *property* | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with glitter=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is** | present | a little |  |  |  |  | enough *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) They threw the old plan overboard and started again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overboard:x7:1
# text = (informal) They threw the old plan overboard and started again.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	NUM	LS	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	overboard	overboard	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	again	again	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | They | the old plan |  |  |  | overboard *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plan=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | past | They *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wriggled overboard and John leapt after him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overboard:x8:1
# text = He wriggled overboard and John leapt after him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wriggled	wriggle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	overboard	overboard	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	leapt	leapt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wriggle** | past | He |  |  |  |  | overboard *property* | vn body\_internal\_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **leapt** | past | John |  |  |  | after him *= he* |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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