---
title: overcast — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «overcast» in the school dictionary: Overcast describes a sky completely covered with grey clouds, so you cannot see the sun. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# overcast

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Overcast, you, overcast day, we, it, beach · **What happens:** describe, cover, not see, be, not be, overcast · **To what, where:** sky, sun., eclipse, It, weather diary, overcast · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«overcast» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [overcast in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/overcast.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Overcast describes a sky completely covered with grey clouds, so you cannot see the sun.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcast:m1:1
# text = Overcast describes a sky completely covered with grey clouds, so you cannot see the sun.
1	Overcast	Overcast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Overcast | a sky |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent sky=Theme |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | a sky *not said here* |  |  |  | with grey clouds; completely *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with cloud=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **see** | can | you | the sun. |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sun.=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: weather report — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An overcast day is dull and grey but not necessarily rainy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcast:m2:1
# text = An overcast day is dull and grey but not necessarily rainy.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	overcast	overcast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	necessarily	necessarily	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	rainy	rainy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a overcast day |  |  |  |  | dull *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a overcast day *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **be** |  | a overcast day *not said here* |  |  |  |  | necessarily *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sky was overcast, so we could not see the eclipse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcast:x1:1
# text = The sky was overcast, so we could not see the eclipse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	overcast	overcast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	eclipse	eclipse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overcast** | past · passive |  | the sky |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **not** **see** | could | we | the eclipse |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer eclipse=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was overcast all day but it never rained.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcast:x2:1
# text = It was overcast all day but it never rained.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	overcast	overcast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	rained	rain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overcast** | past · passive |  | It |  |  | day |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **not** **rain** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On overcast days you can still get sunburnt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcast:x3:1
# text = On overcast days you can still get sunburnt.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	overcast	overcast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	sunburnt	sunburnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | can | you |  |  |  | still; day | sunburnt *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write in your weather diary: Monday, overcast and cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcast:x4:1
# text = Write in your weather diary: Monday, overcast and cold.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	diary	diary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	overcast	overcast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	appos	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your weather diary |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in diary=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The beach looked grey and gloomy under the overcast sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcast:x5:1
# text = The beach looked grey and gloomy under the overcast sky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	overcast	overcast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the beach |  |  |  |  | grey *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The forecast says overcast in the morning, sunny later.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcast:x6:1
# text = The forecast says overcast in the morning, sunny later.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	forecast	forecast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	overcast	overcast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
10	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the forecast |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **overcast** | participle |  |  |  |  | morning |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pilots fly above the overcast into bright sunshine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcast:x7:1
# text = Pilots fly above the overcast into bright sunshine.
1	Pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	above	above	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	overcast	overcast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | Pilots |  |  | the overcast |  | into bright sunshine | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above overcast=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Ah, your majesty, they have been scattered day and night upon the sea, except when the sky was overcast,’ slyly answered Maie.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcast:x8:1
# text = ‘Ah, your majesty, they have been scattered day and night upon the sea, except when the sky was overcast,’ slyly answered Maie.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	majesty	majesty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	scattered	scatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	except	except	ADP	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
19	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	overcast	overcast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
26	slyly	slyly	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
28	Maie	Maie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scatter** | present · perfect · passive |  | they |  | the sea | day |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme upon sea=Destination |
| 2 | **overcast** | past · passive |  | the sky |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past |  |  | Maie |  |  | slyly *property* | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent maie=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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