---
title: overcrowding — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «overcrowding» in the school dictionary: The state of having too many people or things in one place, so that it is too full. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# overcrowding

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** state, place, act, Overcrowding, zoo, Thinning · **What happens:** have, be, put, overcrowd, spread, move · **To what, where:** many people, one place, place, old city, disease, monkeys

<!-- .vabout -->
«overcrowding» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [overcrowding in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/overcrowding.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state of having too many people or things in one place, so that it is too full.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcrowding:m1:1
# text = The state of having too many people or things in one place, so that it is too full.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	19	mark	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	too	too	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | the state *not said here* | many people or things |  | one place |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | place |  |  |  |  | full *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of putting too many people or things into a place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcrowding:m2:1
# text = The act of putting too many people or things into a place.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  | many people or things | a place |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent people=Goal |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Overcrowding in the old city spread disease quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcrowding:x1:1
# text = Overcrowding in the old city spread disease quickly.
1	Overcrowding	overcrowd	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overcrowd** | gerund |  |  |  | the old city |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | past | Overcrowding | disease |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location disease=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The zoo moved some monkeys to stop overcrowding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcrowding:x2:1
# text = The zoo moved some monkeys to stop overcrowding.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	overcrowding	overcrowd	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the zoo | some monkeys |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme monkey=Result |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | the zoo *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **overcrowd** | gerund | the zoo *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Overcrowding on the trains is worst at rush hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcrowding:x3:1
# text = Overcrowding on the trains is worst at rush hour.
1	Overcrowding	overcrowd	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	trains	train	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	worst	bad	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	rush	rush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overcrowd** | gerund |  |  |  | the trains |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Overcrowding |  |  |  | hour | bad *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new school was built to end overcrowding in the old one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcrowding:x4:1
# text = The new school was built to end overcrowding in the old one.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	end	end	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	overcrowding	overcrowd	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive |  | the new school |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **end** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **overcrowd** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | in the old one | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thinning out the carrots stops overcrowding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcrowding:x5:1
# text = Thinning out the carrots stops overcrowding.
1	Thinning	thin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	overcrowding	overcrowd	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thin out** | gerund |  | the carrots |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent carrot=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | present | Thinning |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **overcrowd** | gerund | Thinning *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Victorian families often lived in overcrowding, eight people in one room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overcrowding:x6:1
# text = Victorian families often lived in overcrowding, eight people in one room.
1	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	overcrowding	overcrowd	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Victorian families |  |  |  |  | often *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **overcrowd** | gerund | Victorian families *not said here* | eight people in one room |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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