---
title: overdose — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «overdose» in the school dictionary: An overdose is too much of a medicine or drug taken at once, which can make someone very ill or kill them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# overdose

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** overdose, Taking, someone, you, label, I · **What happens:** be, take, make, kill, overdose, cause · **To what, where:** medicine, someone, many tablets, overdose, ambulance, medicines · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«overdose» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [overdose in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/overdose.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An overdose is too much of a medicine or drug taken at once, which can make someone very ill or kill them.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdose:m1:1
# text = An overdose is too much of a medicine or drug taken at once, which can make someone very ill or kill them.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	overdose	overdose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	parataxis	_	_
18	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	obj	_	_
19	very	very	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a overdose |  |  |  |  | of a medicine or drug; much *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | participle |  | a medicine or drug *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent at once=Asset |
| 3 | **make** | can |  | someone |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product |
| 4 | **kill** | infinitive |  | medicine |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To overdose is to take such a dangerous amount.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdose:m2:1
# text = To overdose is to take such a dangerous amount.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	overdose	overdose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	9	det:predet	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overdose** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | take *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An overdose of something is too much of it, like an overdose of sugar or TV.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdose:m3:1
# text = An overdose of something is too much of it, like an overdose of sugar or TV.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	overdose	overdose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	too	too	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	overdose	overdose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a overdose of something |  |  |  |  | of it; much *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taking too many tablets can cause an overdose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdose:x1:1
# text = Taking too many tablets can cause an overdose.
1	Taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	too	too	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tablets	tablet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	overdose	overdose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund |  | many tablets |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tablet=Theme |
| 2 | **cause** | can | Taking | a overdose |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition overdose=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If someone takes an overdose, call an ambulance at once.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdose:x2:1
# text = If someone takes an overdose, call an ambulance at once.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	overdose	overdose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ambulance	ambulance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone | a overdose |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent overdose=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | imperative | you *not said here* | a ambulance |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme PP.recipient PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent ambulance=Theme at once=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep medicines away from small children to prevent an overdose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdose:x3:1
# text = Keep medicines away from small children to prevent an overdose.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	overdose	overdose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep away** | imperative | you *not said here* | medicines |  |  |  | from small children; away *property* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer medicine=Beneficiary from child=Eventuality |
| 2 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a overdose |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer overdose=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The label shows the right dose so you don't overdose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdose:x4:1
# text = The label shows the right dose so you don't overdose.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dose	dose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	overdose	overdose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the label | the right dose |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dose=Recipient |
| 2 | **not** **overdose** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had an overdose of chocolate at the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdose:x5:1
# text = I had an overdose of chocolate at the party.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	overdose	overdose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a overdose of chocolate |  | the party |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent overdose=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even vitamins can be dangerous in an overdose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdose:x6:1
# text = Even vitamins can be dangerous in an overdose.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	vitamins	vitamin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	overdose	overdose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | vitamins |  |  | a overdose |  | dangerous *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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