---
title: overdue — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «overdue» in the school dictionary: Something overdue has not arrived, happened or been done by the time it was expected or needed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# overdue

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** time, book, Overdue, change, baby, library book · **What happens:** not arrive, happen, do, expect, need, not return · **To what, where:** Something, it, overdue library book, day, overdue bill, baby

<!-- .vabout -->
«overdue» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [overdue in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/overdue.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something overdue has not arrived, happened or been done by the time it was expected or needed.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:m1:1
# text = Something overdue has not arrived, happened or been done by the time it was expected or needed.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **arrive** | present · perfect · passive |  | Something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **do** | participle · passive |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **expect** | past · passive | the time *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **need** | participle | the time *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An overdue library book has not been returned by the day it was due.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:m2:1
# text = An overdue library book has not been returned by the day it was due.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **return** | present · perfect · passive |  | a overdue library book |  |  | day |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | book | the day *not said here* |  |  |  | due *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An overdue bill has not been paid in time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:m3:1
# text = An overdue bill has not been paid in time.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pay** | present · perfect · passive |  | a overdue bill |  |  | time |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Overdue can mean something that should have happened long ago, as in «a change that is long overdue».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:m4:1
# text = Overdue can mean something that should have happened long ago, as in «a change that is long overdue».
1	Overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
8	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
10	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	advmod	_	_
20	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Overdue | something |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 2 | **happen** | should · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | as a change; ago *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | a change |  |  |  |  | long, overdue *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby that is overdue has not been born by the expected time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:m5:1
# text = A baby that is overdue has not been born by the expected time.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a baby |  |  |  |  | overdue *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **bear** | present · perfect · passive |  | a baby |  |  | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **expect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My library book is overdue, so I must return it today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:x1:1
# text = My library book is overdue, so I must return it today.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My library book |  |  |  |  | overdue *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **return** | must | I | book |  |  | today |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The train is twenty minutes overdue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:x2:1
# text = The train is twenty minutes overdue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the train |  |  |  | minute | overdue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bill is overdue and there's a late fee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:x3:1
# text = The bill is overdue and there's a late fee.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	fee	fee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the bill |  |  |  |  | overdue *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | present | a late fee |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A holiday for Mum is long overdue!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:x4:1
# text = A holiday for Mum is long overdue!
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a holiday for Mum |  |  |  |  | overdue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby was a week overdue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:x5:1
# text = The baby was a week overdue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the baby |  |  |  | week | overdue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rule change was long overdue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:x6:1
# text = The rule change was long overdue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the rule change |  |  |  |  | overdue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fine is ten pence for each day the book is overdue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overdue:x7:1
# text = The fine is ten pence for each day the book is overdue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fine	fine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pence	pence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	overdue	overdue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the fine | ten pence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the book |  |  |  | day | overdue *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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