---
title: overpower — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «overpower» in the school dictionary: To beat someone by being stronger, so they cannot fight back. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# overpower

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** they, it, smell, guards, fish, much chilli · **What happens:** beat, be, not fight back, take over, overpower, take · **To what, where:** someone, us, robber, bag, whole kitchen, taste

<!-- .vabout -->
«overpower» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [overpower in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/overpower.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To beat someone by being stronger, so they cannot fight back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:m1:1
# text = To beat someone by being stronger, so they cannot fight back.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	beat	beat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
6	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
13	back	back	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location someone=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **fight back** | can | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of a feeling, smell or taste — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be so strong that it takes over.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:m2:1
# text = To be so strong that it takes over.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take over** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The smell overpowered us."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:m2e:1
# text = "The smell overpowered us."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	overpowered	overpower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overpower** *in a quote* | past | the smell | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: overpowering, adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very strong, too strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:m3:1
# text = Very strong, too strong.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The guards overpowered the robber and took the bag.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:x1:1
# text = The guards overpowered the robber and took the bag.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	guards	guard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	overpowered	overpower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	robber	robber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overpower** | past | the guards | the robber |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | past | the guards *not said here* | the bag |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smell of fish overpowered the whole kitchen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:x2:1
# text = The smell of fish overpowered the whole kitchen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	overpowered	overpower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overpower** | past | the smell of fish | the whole kitchen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **smell** |  | fish |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much chilli will overpower the taste of the soup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:x3:1
# text = Too much chilli will overpower the taste of the soup.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chilli	chilli	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	overpower	overpower	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	taste	taste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overpower** | future | much chilli | the taste of the soup |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **taste** |  |  | the soup |  |  |  |  | nom taste «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was overpowered by sleepiness and dropped her book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:x4:1
# text = She was overpowered by sleepiness and dropped her book.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	overpowered	overpower	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sleepiness	sleepiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overpower** | past · passive | sleepiness | She |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drop** | past | sleepiness *not said here* | her book |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The perfume in the shop was overpowering.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:x5:1
# text = The perfume in the shop was overpowering.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	perfume	perfume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	overpowering	overpower	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overpower** | past · progressive | the perfume in the shop |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That sword is so overpowered that the game is too easy (slang: it's OP).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:x6:1
# text = That sword is so overpowered that the game is too easy (slang: it's OP).
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	overpowered	overpower	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	OP	op	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overpower** | present · passive |  | that sword |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the game |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | game | OP |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How close the air felt in that room; the heat overpowered him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overpower:x7:1
# text = How close the air felt in that room; the heat overpowered him.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	felt	feel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	overpowered	overpower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | participle |  | the air *not said here* |  |  |  | in that room | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Theme in room=Attribute |
| 2 | **overpower** | past | the heat | air |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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