---
title: overshadow — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «overshadow» in the school dictionary: To make someone or something seem less important by being more successful or noticeable: her sister overshadowed her. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# overshadow

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sister, rain, big oak, injury, His, She · **What happens:** make, seem, be, overshadow, cast, win · **To what, where:** someone, her, shadow, something, rain, party

<!-- .vabout -->
«overshadow» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [overshadow in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/overshadow.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make someone or something seem less important by being more successful or noticeable: her sister overshadowed her.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overshadow:m1:1
# text = To make someone or something seem less important by being more successful or noticeable: her sister overshadowed her.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	seem	seem	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	_
11	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	12	advmod	_	_
12	successful	successful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	noticeable	noticeable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	overshadowed	overshadow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product |
| 2 | **seem** | present |  |  |  |  |  | important *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | successful *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **overshadow** | past | her sister | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent she=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cast a shadow over something; to tower over it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overshadow:m2:1
# text = To cast a shadow over something; to tower over it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cast	cast	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | to-infinitive |  | a shadow |  | something |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent shadow=Theme over something=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make a happy time sadder: the rain overshadowed the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overshadow:m3:1
# text = To make a happy time sadder: the rain overshadowed the party.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	sadder	sad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	overshadowed	overshadow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | the rain |  |  | time | sad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **overshadow** | participle | the rain *not said here* | the party |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent party=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The big oak overshadows our garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overshadow:x1:1
# text = The big oak overshadows our garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	overshadows	overshadow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overshadow** | present | the big oak | our garden |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent garden=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His win was overshadowed by an injury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overshadow:x2:1
# text = His win was overshadowed by an injury.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	win	win	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	overshadowed	overshadow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overshadow** | past · passive | a injury | His win |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **win** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom win «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She felt overshadowed by her clever brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overshadow:x3:1
# text = She felt overshadowed by her clever brother.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	overshadowed	overshadow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **overshadow** | participle | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tall flats overshadowed the little houses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overshadow:x4:1
# text = The tall flats overshadowed the little houses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flats	flat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	overshadowed	overshadow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overshadow** | participle | the tall flats | the little houses |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent house=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Worry about the test overshadowed the weekend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overshadow:x5:1
# text = Worry about the test overshadowed the weekend.
1	Worry	worry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	overshadowed	overshadow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	weekend	weekend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overshadow** | participle |  | Worry about the test *not said here* |  |  | weekend |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad's boasting overshadowed the others' good work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overshadow:x6:1
# text = Toad's boasting overshadowed the others' good work.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	boasting	boasting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	overshadowed	overshadow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overshadow** | participle | Toad's boasting | the others's good work |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent work=Patient |
| 2 | **work** |  | the others |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For there was a large and high hill outside the windows which overshadowed the palace so much that the sun could not shine in.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overshadow:x7:1
# text = For there was a large and high hill outside the windows which overshadowed the palace so much that the sun could not shine in.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
9	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	overshadowed	overshadow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	much	much	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	shine	shine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a large hill outside the windows |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **overshadow** | past | a large hill outside the windows | the palace |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent palace=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **shine in** | could | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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