---
title: overthrow — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «overthrow» in the school dictionary: To overthrow a ruler or government is to remove them from power by force. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# overthrow

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** overthrow, player, extra, people, rebels, mice · **What happens:** overthrow, be, mean, catch, give, run · **To what, where:** ruler, power, removal, player, cricket, city

<!-- .vabout -->
«overthrow» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [overthrow in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/overthrow.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To overthrow a ruler or government is to remove them from power by force.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:m1:1
# text = To overthrow a ruler or government is to remove them from power by force.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	overthrow	overthrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	remove	remove	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overthrow** | to-infinitive |  | a ruler or government |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | power |  | by force; remove *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The overthrow of a ruler is that removal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:m2:1
# text = The overthrow of a ruler is that removal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	overthrow	overthrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	removal	removal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the overthrow of a ruler | that removal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **overthrow** |  |  | a ruler |  |  |  |  | nom overthrow «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport, cricket and baseball — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To overthrow is to throw a ball too far, past the player meant to catch it; in cricket, an overthrow can give extra runs.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:m3:1
# text = To overthrow is to throw a ball too far, past the player meant to catch it; in cricket, an overthrow can give extra runs.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	overthrow	overthrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	past	past	ADP	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	cricket	cricket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	overthrow	overthrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
24	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
26	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	nsubj	_	_
27	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overthrow** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | far, throw *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | past | the player |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **catch** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the player *not said here* | player |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 5 | **give** | can | a overthrow |  |  | cricket |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **run** | present | extra |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To overthrow a city or building is to destroy it by force, knocking it down.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:m4:1
# text = To overthrow a city or building is to destroy it by force, knocking it down.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	overthrow	overthrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	knocking	knock	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	down	down	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overthrow** | to-infinitive |  | a city or building |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | by force; destroy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **knock down** | gerund |  | building |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The people overthrew the cruel king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:x1:1
# text = The people overthrew the cruel king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	overthrew	overthrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overthrow** | past | the people | the cruel king |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rebels planned the overthrow of the tyrant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:x2:1
# text = The rebels planned the overthrow of the tyrant.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rebels	rebel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	planned	plan	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	overthrow	overthrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tyrant	tyrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plan** | past | the rebels | the overthrow of the tyrant |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent overthrow=Topic |
| 2 | **overthrow** |  |  | the tyrant |  |  |  |  | nom overthrow «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the mice overthrew the cat's rule.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:x3:1
# text = In the story, the mice overthrew the cat's rule.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	overthrew	overthrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overthrow** | past | the mice | the cat's rule |  | the story |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** |  | the cat |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army was overthrown in a single night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:x4:1
# text = The army was overthrown in a single night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	overthrown	overthrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overthrow** | past · passive |  | the army |  |  | night |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An overthrow gave the batting team four extra runs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:x5:1
# text = An overthrow gave the batting team four extra runs.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	overthrow	overthrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	batting	batting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	_
7	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
8	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	_
9	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | a overthrow | four | the batting team |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent team=Theme |
| 2 | **run** | present | extra |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shortstop overthrew first base.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:x6:1
# text = The shortstop overthrew first base.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shortstop	shortstop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	overthrew	overthrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
5	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overthrow** | past | the shortstop | base |  |  |  | first *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many emperors were overthrown in history.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:x7:1
# text = Many emperors were overthrown in history.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	emperors	emperor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	overthrown	overthrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overthrow** | past · passive |  | Many emperors |  | history |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They wanted to overthrow the government.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:x8:1
# text = They wanted to overthrow the government.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	overthrow	overthrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | past | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **overthrow** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | the government |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The five soldiers grumbled a little, and muttered that it was their business to overthrow cities, not to build them up.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overthrow:x9:1
# text = The five soldiers grumbled a little, and muttered that it was their business to overthrow cities, not to build them up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grumbled	grumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	muttered	mutter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	overthrow	overthrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
17	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grumble** *speech: other* | past | the five soldiers | a little |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mutter** *speech: assert* | past | the five soldiers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past | it | soldiers's business |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **overthrow** | to-infinitive | the five soldiers *not said here* | cities |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **build up** | to-infinitive | the five soldiers *not said here* | cities *= city* |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer they=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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