---
title: overturned — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «overturned» in the school dictionary: Overturned means turned upside down or onto its side: an overturned boat. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# overturned

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** overturned truck, overturned chairs, referee, cat, you, court · **What happens:** overturn, mean, turn, change, cancel, block · **To what, where:** turned upside, overturned decision, motorway, boat, storm, decision

<!-- .vabout -->
«overturned» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [overturned in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/overturned.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Overturned means turned upside down or onto its side: an overturned boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:m1:1
# text = Overturned means turned upside down or onto its side: an overturned boat.
1	Overturned	overturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	overturned	overturned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overturn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  | turned upside |  |  |  | a overturned boat *obl* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Topic |
| 3 | **turn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An overturned decision or result has been changed or cancelled by someone with more authority.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:m2:1
# text = An overturned decision or result has been changed or cancelled by someone with more authority.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	overturned	overturned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	cancelled	cancel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
15	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present · perfect · passive |  | a overturned decision or result |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **cancel** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by someone | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An overturned truck blocked the motorway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:x1:1
# text = An overturned truck blocked the motorway.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	overturned	overturned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	blocked	block	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	motorway	motorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **block** | past | a overturned truck | the motorway |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer motorway=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boat overturned in the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:x2:1
# text = The boat overturned in the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	overturned	overturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overturn** | participle |  | the boat *not said here* |  | the storm |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were overturned chairs everywhere after the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:x3:1
# text = There were overturned chairs everywhere after the party.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	overturned	overturned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	chairs	chair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | overturned chairs |  |  | there | after the party | everywhere *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The referee's decision was overturned after the replay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:x4:1
# text = The referee's decision was overturned after the replay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	overturned	overturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	replay	replay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overturn** | past · passive |  | the referee's decision |  |  | after the replay |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **decide** |  | the referee |  |  |  |  |  | nom decision «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat overturned the plant pot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:x5:1
# text = The cat overturned the plant pot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	overturned	overturn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overturn** | past | the cat | the plant pot |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stay with an overturned boat and hold on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:x6:1
# text = Stay with an overturned boat and hold on.
1	Stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	overturned	overturned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a overturned boat | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with boat=Location |
| 2 | **hold on** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The court overturned the ruling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:x7:1
# text = The court overturned the ruling.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	overturned	overturn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ruling	ruling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overturn** | past | the court | the ruling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found an overturned bucket in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:x8:1
# text = We found an overturned bucket in the garden.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	overturned	overturned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bucket	bucket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | a overturned bucket |  | the garden |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bucket=Topic |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sea was rough and the whitecaps overturned the boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:overturned:x9:1
# text = The sea was rough and the whitecaps overturned the boat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	whitecaps	whitecap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	overturned	overturn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the sea |  |  |  |  | rough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **overturn** | past | the whitecaps | the boat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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