---
title: owned — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «owned» in the school dictionary: Owned is the past form of own: it was yours before. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# owned

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** form, something, He, She, farmer, family · **What happens:** own, be, tell, belong, call · **To what, where:** past form, yours, shop, 12 marbles, 4 cats, 30 cows · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«owned» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [owned in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/owned.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Owned is the past form of own: it was yours before.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:owned:m1:1
# text = Owned is the past form of own: it was yours before.
1	Owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	yours	your	PRON	PRP	Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	conj	_	_
12	before	before	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the past form |  |  |  | of own | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past | form | yours |  |  |  | before *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Owned (by) tells who something belongs to: «a shop owned by my uncle», «family-owned».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:owned:m2:1
# text = Owned (by) tells who something belongs to: «a shop owned by my uncle», «family-owned».
1	Owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
8	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **belong** | present | something |  |  |  |  | to a shop | tree rules |
| 4 | **own** *in a quote* | participle |  | a shop *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **own** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He owned 12 marbles before the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:owned:x1:1
# text = He owned 12 marbles before the game.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	owned	own	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | past | He | 12 marbles |  |  | before the game |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot marble=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She owned 4 cats last year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:owned:x2:1
# text = She owned 4 cats last year.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	owned	own	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | past | She | 4 cats |  |  | year |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot cat=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer owned 30 cows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:owned:x3:1
# text = The farmer owned 30 cows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	owned	own	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | past | the farmer | 30 cows |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot cow=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bakery is owned by a family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:owned:x4:1
# text = The bakery is owned by a family.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bakery	bakery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | present · passive | a family | the bakery |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old castle was once owned by a duke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:owned:x5:1
# text = The old castle was once owned by a duke.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
6	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	duke	duke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | past · passive | a duke | the old castle |  |  |  | once *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who owned this dog before?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:owned:x6:1
# text = Who owned this dog before?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	owned	own	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | past |  | this dog |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot dog=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has owned that bike for three years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:owned:x7:1
# text = He has owned that bike for three years.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | present · perfect | He | that bike |  |  | year |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bike=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both were called Klaus, but one owned four horses and the other only one.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:owned:x8:1
# text = Both were called Klaus, but one owned four horses and the other only one.
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	Klaus	Klaus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nsubj	_	_
8	owned	own	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	only	only	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | Both |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **own** | past | one | four horses |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot horse=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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