---
title: oxen — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «oxen» in the school dictionary: Oxen is the word for more than one ox: big strong farm animals used to pull carts and ploughs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# oxen

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Oxen, farmer, pair, many legs, 5 oxen, yoke · **What happens:** be, use, pull, have, do, eat · **To what, where:** word, big strong farm animals, carts, 6 oxen, plough, 100 pounds

<!-- .vabout -->
«oxen» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [oxen in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/oxen.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oxen is the word for more than one ox: big strong farm animals used to pull carts and ploughs.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxen:m1:1
# text = Oxen is the word for more than one ox: big strong farm animals used to pull carts and ploughs.
1	Oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	8	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	_
15	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	pull	pull	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
18	carts	cart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	ploughs	plough	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Oxen | the word |  |  |  | for one ox | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | big strong farm animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **pull** | to-infinitive |  | carts and ploughs |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cart=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer has 6 oxen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxen:x1:1
# text = The farmer has 6 oxen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the farmer | 6 oxen |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ox=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each pair of oxen pulls a plough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxen:x2:1
# text = Each pair of oxen pulls a plough.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	oxen	oxen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	pulls	pull	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plough	plough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | present | each pair of oxen | a plough |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plough=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many legs do 5 oxen have?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxen:x3:1
# text = How many legs do 5 oxen have?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | many legs |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | 5 oxen |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The oxen eat 100 pounds of hay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxen:x4:1
# text = The oxen eat 100 pounds of hay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | the oxen | 100 pounds of hay |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pound=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oxen pulled the covered wagons west.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxen:x5:1
# text = Oxen pulled the covered wagons west.
1	Oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	covered	covered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	wagons	wagon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	west	west	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | past | Oxen | the covered wagons |  |  |  | west *property* | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wagon=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A yoke joins two oxen together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxen:x6:1
# text = A yoke joins two oxen together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	yoke	yoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present | a yoke | two oxen |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ox=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The oxen rested in the shade after work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxen:x7:1
# text = The oxen rested in the shade after work.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rested	rest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | past | the oxen |  |  | the shade | after work |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in shade=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some countries, oxen still plough the fields.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxen:x8:1
# text = In some countries, oxen still plough the fields.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	plough	plough	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plough** | present | oxen | the fields |  | some countries | still |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent field=Initial\_Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was driving a herd of cows and oxen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxen:x9:1
# text = He was driving a herd of cows and oxen.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past · progressive | He | a herd of cows and oxen |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herd=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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