---
title: oxford — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «oxford» in the school dictionary: Oxford is a city in England, famous for its very old university (a name). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# oxford

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Oxford, University, Oxford comma, My, We, He · **What happens:** be, study, read, wear, use, have · **To what, where:** city, England, one, lace leather shoe, comma, list

<!-- .vabout -->
«oxford» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [oxford in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/oxford.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oxford is a city in England, famous for its very old university (a name).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:m1:1
# text = Oxford is a city in England, famous for its very old university (a name).
1	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Oxford | a city |  | England |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The University of Oxford is one of the oldest universities in the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:m2:1
# text = The University of Oxford is one of the oldest universities in the world.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	University	University	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
10	universities	university	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the University of Oxford | one |  |  |  | of the oldest universities in the world | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An oxford is a lace-up leather shoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:m3:1
# text = An oxford is a lace-up leather shoe.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	oxford	oxford	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	lace	lace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
8	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a oxford | a lace leather shoe |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An Oxford comma is a comma before «and» in a list (red, white, and blue).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:m4:1
# text = An Oxford comma is a comma before «and» in a list (red, white, and blue).
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	comma	comma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	comma	comma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a Oxford comma | a comma |  | a list |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oxford is a city full of old stone colleges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:x1:1
# text = Oxford is a city full of old stone colleges.
1	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	colleges	college	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Oxford | a city |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin studies at Oxford University.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:x2:1
# text = My cousin studies at Oxford University.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	University	University	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** |  | My |  |  | Oxford University |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: poss=agent at=place |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read Oxford Reading Tree books in Year 1.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:x3:1
# text = We read Oxford Reading Tree books in Year 1.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Reading	Reading	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Tree	Tree	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | Tree books |  |  | in Year |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wore black oxfords to the wedding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:x4:1
# text = He wore black oxfords to the wedding.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	oxfords	oxford	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wedding	wedding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | He | black oxfords |  |  |  | to the wedding | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent oxford=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Should I use an Oxford comma in this list?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:x5:1
# text = Should I use an Oxford comma in this list?
1	Should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	comma	comma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | should | I | a Oxford comma |  | this list |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comma=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Oxford dictionary has thousands of words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:x6:1
# text = The Oxford dictionary has thousands of words.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Oxford dictionary | thousands of words |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mr. Tyrwhitt published, A.D. 1776, a Dissertation on Babrias, and a collection of his fables in choliambic metre found in a MS. in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Mr. Tyrwhitt published, A.D.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:x7:1
# text = Mr. Tyrwhitt published, A.D.
1	Mr.	Mr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:desc	_	_
2	Tyrwhitt	Tyrwhitt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	published	publish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	A.D	A.D	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | past | Tyrwhitt  Mr. | A.D |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent a.d=Result |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* 1776, a Dissertation on Babrias, and a collection of his fables in choliambic metre found in a MS. in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:oxford:x7:2
# text = 1776, a Dissertation on Babrias, and a collection of his fables in choliambic metre found in a MS. in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
1	1776	1776	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Dissertation	dissertation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Babrias	Babrias	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	collection	collection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	fables	fable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	choliambic	choliambic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	metre	metre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	MS.	MS.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	Bodleian	Bodleian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Library	Library	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle |  | choliambic metre *not said here* |  | a MS. |  | in the Bodleian Library at Oxford | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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