---
title: pac — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pac» in the school dictionary: PAC: political action committee, a group that collects money to help elect politicians or support causes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pac

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** group, Pac Man, PAC, super PAC, Dad, news · **What happens:** collect, help, elect, eat, run, spend · **To what, where:** money, politicians, dots, ghosts, adverts, huge amounts · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pac» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pac in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pac.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US, politics — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
PAC: political action committee, a group that collects money to help elect politicians or support causes.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pac:m1:1
# text = PAC: political action committee, a group that collects money to help elect politicians or support causes.
1	PAC	pac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
3	political	political	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	committee	committee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	collects	collect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
14	elect	elect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
15	politicians	politician	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	causes	cause	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | a group | money |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | a group *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **elect** | infinitive | a group *not said here* | politicians or support causes |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent politician=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Part of names, such as Pac-Man (a famous video game) and the Pac-12 (a group of US university sports teams).

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pac:m2:1
# text = Part of names, such as Pac-Man (a famous video game) and the Pac-12 (a group of US university sports teams).
1	Part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	Pac	Pac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Man	Man	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Pac	Pac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	appos	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
26	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
27	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	compound	_	_
28	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for package or pack in some names and shops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pac:m3:1
# text = Short for package or pack in some names and shops.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	package	package	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pac-Man eats dots and runs from ghosts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pac:x1:1
# text = Pac-Man eats dots and runs from ghosts.
1	Pac	Pac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Man	Man	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	dots	dot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Pac Man | dots |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dot=Patient |
| 2 | **run** | present | Pac Man *not said here* |  |  | ghosts |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from ghost=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The PAC spent money on adverts before the election.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pac:x2:1
# text = The PAC spent money on adverts before the election.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	PAC	pac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	adverts	advert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | the PAC | money |  |  | before the election | on adverts *goal* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent money=Asset on advert=Goal |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A super PAC can spend huge amounts on political adverts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pac:x3:1
# text = A super PAC can spend huge amounts on political adverts.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	super	super	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	PAC	pac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	political	political	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	adverts	advert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | can | a super PAC | huge amounts |  |  |  | on political adverts *goal* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent amount=Asset on advert=Goal |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad played Pac-Man when he was a boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pac:x4:1
# text = Dad played Pac-Man when he was a boy.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Pac	Pac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Man	Man	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | Dad | Pac Man |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Dad | a boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The news said many PACs gave money to both parties.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pac:x5:1
# text = The news said many PACs gave money to both parties.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	PACs	pac	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the news |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **give** | past | many PACs | money | both parties |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Theme to party=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pac-Man was made in Japan in 1980.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pac:x6:1
# text = Pac-Man was made in Japan in 1980.
1	Pac	Pac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Man	Man	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1980	1980	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Pac |  | Japan |  | in 1980 | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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