---
title: pain — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pain» in the school dictionary: Pain is the feeling you have when part of your body is hurt or ill. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Pain, you, them, I, He, Cool water · **What happens:** be, have, hurt, lose, take, mean · **To what, where:** feeling, part, pet, annoying person, pains, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pain» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pain in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pain is the feeling you have when part of your body is hurt or ill.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:m1:1
# text = Pain is the feeling you have when part of your body is hurt or ill.
1	Pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pain | the feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | you | the feeling *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Patient |
| 3 | **hurt** | present · passive |  | part of your body |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pain can be a feeling of great sadness: the pain of losing a pet.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:m2:1
# text = Pain can be a feeling of great sadness: the pain of losing a pet.
1	Pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Pain | a feeling and the pain |  |  |  | of great sadness | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | gerund | the pain *not said here* | a pet |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pet=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«A pain» (informal) is an annoying person or thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:m3:1
# text = «A pain» (informal) is an annoying person or thing.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	annoying	annoying	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pain | a annoying person or thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Take pains» means try very hard to do something carefully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:m4:1
# text = «Take pains» means try very hard to do something carefully.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	nsubj	_	_
3	pains	pain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | pains |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **try** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To pain someone means to hurt them or make them feel sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:m5:1
# text = To pain someone means to hurt them or make them feel sad.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | pain |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hurt** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **feel** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a pain in my tummy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:x1:1
# text = I have a pain in my tummy.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a pain |  | my tummy |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was in pain after he fell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:x2:1
# text = He was in pain after he fell.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  | pain |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell an adult if the pain gets worse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:x3:1
# text = Tell an adult if the pain gets worse.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |
| 2 | **get** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the pain |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cool water helps the pain of a burn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:x4:1
# text = Cool water helps the pain of a burn.
1	Cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	burn	burn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Cool water | the pain of a burn |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **pain** |  |  | a burn |  |  |  |  | nom pain «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother can be a pain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:x5:1
# text = My little brother can be a pain.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | My little brother | a pain |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She took great pains to make the card neat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:x6:1
# text = She took great pains to make the card neat.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	pains	pain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | She | great pains |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | the card |  |  |  | neat *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset card=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Losing her dog caused her a lot of pain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:x7:1
# text = Losing her dog caused her a lot of pain.
1	Losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund |  | her dog |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cause** | past | Losing | a lot of pain | dog |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition she=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Painkillers should only be taken with an adult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:x8:1
# text = Painkillers should only be taken with an adult.
1	Painkillers	painkiller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | should · passive |  | Painkillers |  |  |  | with a adult | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His foot pained him more and more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pain:x9:1
# text = His foot pained him more and more.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pained	pain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pain** | past | His foot | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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