---
title: painfully — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «painfully» in the school dictionary: Painfully means in a way that hurts or causes pain. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# painfully

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, it, He, queue, She, sunburn · **What happens:** mean, hurt, cause, be, limp, move · **To what, where:** pain, pitch, homework, stairs

<!-- .vabout -->
«painfully» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [painfully in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/painfully.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Painfully means in a way that hurts or causes pain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:painfully:m1:1
# text = Painfully means in a way that hurts or causes pain.
1	Painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hurts	hurt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in a way; painfully *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |
| 2 | **hurt** | present | a way |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **cause** | present | a way *not said here* | pain |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Painfully means very, so much that it is uncomfortable: painfully slow, painfully shy.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:painfully:m2:1
# text = Painfully means very, so much that it is uncomfortable: painfully slow, painfully shy.
1	Painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	much	much	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	uncomfortable	uncomfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	painfully	painfully	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	shy	shy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | painfully *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | uncomfortable *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He limped painfully off the pitch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:painfully:x1:1
# text = He limped painfully off the pitch.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	limped	limp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **limp** | past | He |  |  | the pitch |  | painfully *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off pitch=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The queue moved painfully slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:painfully:x2:1
# text = The queue moved painfully slowly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	queue	queue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the queue |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was painfully shy on her first day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:painfully:x3:1
# text = She was painfully shy on her first day.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  | day | painfully, shy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was painfully obvious that he had not done his homework.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:painfully:x4:1
# text = It was painfully obvious that he had not done his homework.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	obvious	obvious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | obvious, painfully *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **do** | past · perfect | he | his homework |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sunburn felt painfully hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:painfully:x5:1
# text = My sunburn felt painfully hot.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sunburn	sunburn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | My sunburn |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **sunburn** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom sunburn «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old dog climbed the stairs painfully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:painfully:x6:1
# text = The old dog climbed the stairs painfully.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | the old dog | the stairs |  |  |  | painfully *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location stair=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So he pretended he was lame, and began to hobble painfully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:painfully:x7:1
# text = So he pretended he was lame, and began to hobble painfully.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pretended	pretend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	lame	lame	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	hobble	hobble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pretend** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | lame *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **begin** | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **hobble** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | painfully *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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