---
title: pal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pal» in the school dictionary: A friend. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, He, We, I, dog, 's · **What happens:** write, be, come on, let, go, pal up · **To what, where:** letters, best pal, pals, Australia, faithful pal, pal

<!-- .vabout -->
«pal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pal:m1:1
# text = A friend.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Pen pal» or «pen friend»: someone you write letters to, often in another country.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pal:m2:1
# text = «Pen pal» or «pen friend»: someone you write letters to, often in another country.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pal	pal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	write	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
20	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present | you | letters |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's my best pal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pal:x1:1
# text = He's my best pal.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	pal	pal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | my best pal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We have been pals since nursery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pal:x2:1
# text = We have been pals since nursery.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	pals	pal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	since	since	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	nursery	nursery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | We | pals |  |  | since nursery |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I write letters to my pen pal in Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pal:x3:1
# text = I write letters to my pen pal in Australia.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	write	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	pal	pal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present | I | letters |  | Australia |  | to my pen pal | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent letter=Theme in australia=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog is my faithful pal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pal:x4:1
# text = The dog is my faithful pal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pal	pal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the dog | my faithful pal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Come on, pal, let's go home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pal:x5:1
# text = Come on, pal, let's go home.
1	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	pal	pal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	home	home	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come on** | imperative | you *not said here* | pal |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive | 's *not said here* |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two of them palled up on the first day of camp.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pal:x6:1
# text = The two of them palled up on the first day of camp.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	_
5	palled	pal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pal up** | participle |  |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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