---
title: paleness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «paleness» in the school dictionary: The state of being pale: having a light colour or less colour than usual. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# paleness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** state, they, paleness, snow, He, room · **What happens:** be, have, worry, mean, come, notice · **To what, where:** light colour, school nurse, paleness, room, sudden paleness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«paleness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [paleness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/paleness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state of being pale: having a light colour or less colour than usual.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paleness:m1:1
# text = The state of being pale: having a light colour or less colour than usual.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	than	than	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | the state |  |  |  |  | pale *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | the state *not said here* | a light colour or less colour |  |  |  | than usual | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lightness of a person's face when they are ill, tired or frightened.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paleness:m2:1
# text = Lightness of a person's face when they are ill, tired or frightened.
1	Lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	frightened	frightened	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | they |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her paleness worried the school nurse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paleness:x1:1
# text = Her paleness worried the school nurse.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	paleness	paleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	worried	worry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **worry** | past | Her paleness | the school nurse |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus nurse=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The paleness of the sky meant snow was coming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paleness:x2:1
# text = The paleness of the sky meant snow was coming.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	paleness	paleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | the paleness of the sky |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | past · progressive | snow |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He noticed the paleness of the ghostly figure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paleness:x3:1
# text = He noticed the paleness of the ghostly figure.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	noticed	notice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	paleness	paleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	ghostly	ghostly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | past | He | the paleness of the ghostly figure |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer paleness=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the flu, his paleness lasted a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paleness:x4:1
# text = After the flu, his paleness lasted a week.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	paleness	paleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lasted	last	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | past | his paleness |  |  |  | after the flu; week |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The paleness of the wall made the room feel cool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paleness:x5:1
# text = The paleness of the wall made the room feel cool.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	paleness	paleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
10	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the paleness of the wall | the room |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | the room *not said here* |  |  |  |  | cool *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fear showed in the sudden paleness of her face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paleness:x6:1
# text = Fear showed in the sudden paleness of her face.
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	paleness	paleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Fear |  |  | the sudden paleness of Fear's face |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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