---
title: paling — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «paling» in the school dictionary: A pointed wooden stake that is part of a fence. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# paling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pointed wooden stake, Paling, cat, Australia Dad, face, sky · **What happens:** be, make, become, climb, fix, pale · **To what, where:** part, fence, ing form, palings, paling fence, Mole

<!-- .vabout -->
«paling» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [paling in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/paling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pointed wooden stake that is part of a fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paling:m1:1
# text = A pointed wooden stake that is part of a fence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	pointed	pointed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stake	stake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pointed wooden stake | part |  |  |  | of a fence | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fence made of such stakes (palings).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paling:m2:1
# text = A fence made of such stakes (palings).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stakes	stake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	palings	paling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a fence *not said here* |  |  |  | of such stakes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Paling» is also the -ing form of «to pale», to become pale or less bright.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paling:m3:1
# text = «Paling» is also the -ing form of «to pale», to become pale or less bright.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Paling	paling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	become	become	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
18	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	amod	_	_
21	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Paling | the ing form |  |  |  | of pale | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | pale *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat climbed over the palings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paling:x1:1
# text = The cat climbed over the palings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	palings	paling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | the cat |  |  | the palings |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over paling=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Australia) Dad fixed the paling fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paling:x2:1
# text = (Australia) Dad fixed the paling fence.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	fixed	fix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	paling	paling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | past | Australia Dad | the paling fence |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent fence=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her face was paling with fear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paling:x3:1
# text = Her face was paling with fear.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	paling	pale	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pale** | past · progressive | Her face |  |  |  |  | with fear | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with fear=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sky was paling as dawn came.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paling:x4:1
# text = The sky was paling as dawn came.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	paling	pale	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pale** | past · progressive | the sky |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **come** | past | dawn |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mole squeezed through a gap in the palings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paling:x5:1
# text = The Mole squeezed through a gap in the palings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Mole	mole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	palings	paling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | participle |  | the Mole *not said here* |  | a gap in the palings |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through gap=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A paling had fallen in the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paling:x6:1
# text = A paling had fallen in the storm.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	paling	paling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past · perfect | a paling |  |  | the storm |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in storm=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fresh and fragrant roses hung over the little palings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paling:x7:1
# text = Fresh and fragrant roses hung over the little palings.
1	Fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	fragrant	fragrant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	roses	rose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	palings	paling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | past | Fresh roses |  |  | the little palings |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over paling=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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