---
title: panama — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «panama» in the school dictionary: Panama is a country in Central America that joins North and South America; its capital is Panama City. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# panama

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Panama, country, capital, Panama Canal, famous canal, ships · **What happens:** be, join, let, sail, go, weave · **To what, where:** country, Central America, North America, Panama City, famous canal, Panama

<!-- .vabout -->
«panama» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [panama in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/panama.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Panama is a country in Central America that joins North and South America; its capital is Panama City.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:m1:1
# text = Panama is a country in Central America that joins North and South America; its capital is Panama City.
1	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
7	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
10	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	City	City	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Panama | a country and Panama City |  | Central America |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **join** | present | a country and Panama City | North America |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent america=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | present | its capital | Panama City |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Panama Canal is a famous canal across Panama that lets ships sail between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans without going all the way around South America.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:m2:1
# text = The Panama Canal is a famous canal across Panama that lets ships sail between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans without going all the way around South America.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Canal	Canal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	canal	canal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	sail	sail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	between	between	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Oceans	Ocean	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
20	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
22	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	24	det:predet	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl:unmarked	_	_
25	around	around	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Panama Canal | a famous canal |  | Panama |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | present | a famous canal |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sail** | infinitive | ships |  |  |  |  | between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **go** | gerund | ships *not said here* | all way |  | South America |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme around america=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A panama (or Panama hat) is a light summer hat woven from straw-like leaves; it is actually made in Ecuador.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:m3:1
# text = A panama (or Panama hat) is a light summer hat woven from straw-like leaves; it is actually made in Ecuador.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	panama	panama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	woven	weave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
22	actually	actually	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Ecuador	Ecuador	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a panama | a light summer hat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **weave** | participle |  | a light summer hat *not said here* |  | like leaves |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from leaf=Trajectory |
| 3 | **make** | present · passive | a light summer hat *not said here* | panama |  | Ecuador |  | actually *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Panama joins North America to South America.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:x1:1
# text = Panama joins North America to South America.
1	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present | Panama | North America | South America |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent america=Patient to america=Co-Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ships use the Panama Canal to cross from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:x2:1
# text = Ships use the Panama Canal to cross from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Canal	Canal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Ships | the Panama Canal |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent canal=Patient |
| 2 | **cross** | to-infinitive | Ships *not said here* |  | the Pacific | the Atlantic |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from atlantic=Initial\_Location to pacific=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Locks lift the ships up and down in the Panama Canal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:x3:1
# text = Locks lift the ships up and down in the Panama Canal.
1	Locks	lock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lift	lift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Canal	Canal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | present | Locks | the ships |  | the Panama Canal |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ship=Theme in canal=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The canal saves ships a very long trip around South America.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:x4:1
# text = The canal saves ships a very long trip around South America.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canal	canal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saves	save	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	around	around	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | present | the canal | ships |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent ship=Beneficiary trip=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad wore his panama hat at the cricket.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:x5:1
# text = Grandad wore his panama hat at the cricket.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	panama	panama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cricket	cricket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | Grandad | Grandad's panama hat |  | the cricket |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Panama hats are really made in Ecuador.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:x6:1
# text = Panama hats are really made in Ecuador.
1	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	hats	hat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	really	really	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ecuador	Ecuador	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Panama hats |  | Ecuador |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Panama City is the capital of Panama.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:x7:1
# text = Panama City is the capital of Panama.
1	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	City	City	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Panama City | the capital |  |  |  | of Panama | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many workers died of malaria while building the Panama Canal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panama:x8:1
# text = Many workers died of malaria while building the Panama Canal.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	malaria	malaria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	building	build	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Canal	Canal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | Many workers |  |  |  |  | of malaria | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient of malaria=Causer |
| 2 | **build** | gerund | Many workers *not said here* | the Panama Canal |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset canal=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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