---
title: pane — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pane» in the school dictionary: One sheet of glass in a window or door. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pane

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**Who acts:** ball, Rain, window, Dad, you, your · **What happens:** smash, run down, have, replace, break, make · **To what, where:** pane, greenhouse, window pane, 6 panes, 2 rows, broken pane

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«pane» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pane in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pane.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One sheet of glass in a window or door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pane:m1:1
# text = One sheet of glass in a window or door.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	sheet	sheet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computers — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A separate part of a window on a screen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pane:m2:1
# text = A separate part of a window on a screen.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	separate	separate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball smashed a pane in the greenhouse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pane:x1:1
# text = The ball smashed a pane in the greenhouse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smashed	smash	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pane	pane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	greenhouse	greenhouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smash** | past | the ball | a pane |  | the greenhouse |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent pane=Theme in greenhouse=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain ran down the window pane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pane:x2:1
# text = Rain ran down the window pane.
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pane	pane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run down** | past | Rain | the window pane |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pane=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our window has 6 panes in 2 rows of 3.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pane:x3:1
# text = Our window has 6 panes in 2 rows of 3.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	panes	pane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our window | 6 panes |  | 2 rows of 3 |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pane=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad replaced the broken pane of glass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pane:x4:1
# text = Dad replaced the broken pane of glass.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	replaced	replace	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	pane	pane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | past | Dad | the broken pane of glass |  |  |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pane=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frost made patterns on the pane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pane:x5:1
# text = Frost made patterns on the pane.
1	Frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	patterns	pattern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pane	pane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Click the left pane to see your files.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pane:x6:1
# text = Click the left pane to see your files.
1	Click	click	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	left	left	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	pane	pane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	files	file	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **click** | imperative | you *not said here* | the left pane |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pane=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your files |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer file=Stimulus |
| 3 | **file** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom file «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mountain-dweller saw them through the panes of his little window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pane:x7:1
# text = The mountain-dweller saw them through the panes of his little window.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	dweller	dweller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	panes	pane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the mountain dweller | them *= they* |  | the panes of dweller's little window |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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