---
title: pangolin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pangolin» in the school dictionary: A pangolin is a mammal covered in hard, overlapping scales, which eats ants and termites with a long sticky tongue. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pangolin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pangolin, mammal, Pangolins, baby pangolin · **What happens:** be, cover, eat, roll up, curl, protect · **To what, where:** mammal, ants, tight ball, pangolin, ball, thousands

<!-- .vabout -->
«pangolin» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pangolin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pangolin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pangolin is a mammal covered in hard, overlapping scales, which eats ants and termites with a long sticky tongue.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pangolin:m1:1
# text = A pangolin is a mammal covered in hard, overlapping scales, which eats ants and termites with a long sticky tongue.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pangolin	pangolin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mammal	mammal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	overlapping	overlapping	ADJ	JJ	_	11	amod	_	_
11	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	termites	termite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	sticky	sticky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pangolin | a mammal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | a mammal *not said here* |  |  |  | in hard overlapping scales | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in scale=Theme |
| 3 | **eat** | present | a mammal | ants and termites |  |  |  | with a long sticky tongue | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ant=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When scared, a pangolin rolls up into a tight ball.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pangolin:m2:1
# text = When scared, a pangolin rolls up into a tight ball.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	2	mark	_	_
2	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pangolin	pangolin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	rolls	roll	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	tight	tight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll up** | present | a pangolin |  |  | a tight ball |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pangolin curled into a ball to protect itself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pangolin:x1:1
# text = The pangolin curled into a ball to protect itself.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pangolin	pangolin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	curled	curl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curl** | participle |  | the pangolin *not said here* |  | a ball |  |  | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive |  | ball |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pangolins eat thousands of ants a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pangolin:x2:1
# text = Pangolins eat thousands of ants a day.
1	Pangolins	pangolin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Pangolins | thousands of ants |  |  | day |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their scales are made of the same stuff as your nails.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pangolin:x3:1
# text = Their scales are made of the same stuff as your nails.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	stuff	stuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	nails	nail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Their scales |  |  |  | of the same stuff as your nails | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pangolins are in danger because of poaching.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pangolin:x4:1
# text = Pangolins are in danger because of poaching.
1	Pangolins	pangolin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	poaching	poaching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Pangolins |  |  | danger |  | because poaching | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby pangolin rides on its mother's tail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pangolin:x5:1
# text = A baby pangolin rides on its mother's tail.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pangolin	pangolin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | present | a baby pangolin |  |  | pangolin's mother's tail |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pangolin licked termites out of the mound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pangolin:x6:1
# text = The pangolin licked termites out of the mound.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pangolin	pangolin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	licked	lick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	termites	termite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mound	mound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lick** | past | the pangolin | termites |  | the mound |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent termite=Theme out mound=Source |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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