---
title: panto — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «panto» in the school dictionary: A panto is a funny family musical play, usually shown around Christmas and New Year, based on a fairy tale such as Cinderella or Aladdin, with jokes, songs, a man dressed as a «dame», and lots of audience shouting. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree 
---

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# panto

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** panto, funny family musical play, lots, We, audience, teacher · **What happens:** be, show, base, dress, shout, describe · **To what, where:** funny family musical play, lots, Christmas, fairy tale, man, anything · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«panto» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [panto in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/panto.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A panto is a funny family musical play, usually shown around Christmas and New Year, based on a fairy tale such as Cinderella or Aladdin, with jokes, songs, a man dressed as a «dame», and lots of audience shouting.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panto:m1:1
# text = A panto is a funny family musical play, usually shown around Christmas and New Year, based on a fairy tale such as Cinderella or Aladdin, with jokes, songs, a man dressed as a «dame», and lots of audience shouting.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	panto	panto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	case	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	fairy	fairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	25	case	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	Cinderella	Cinderella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Aladdin	Aladdin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	jokes	joke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	appos	_	_
36	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	acl	_	_
37	as	as	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	dame	dame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
47	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	44	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a panto | a funny family musical play |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | participle | a funny family musical play *not said here* | lots of audience |  | Christmas and New Year |  | base jokes and songs; usually *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **base** | participle |  |  |  | a fairy tale such Cinderella or Aladdin |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on tale=Source |
| 4 | **dress** | participle |  | a man *not said here* |  |  |  | as a dame | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | lots of audience *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Panto can describe anything silly and over-the-top, as in «a bit of a panto».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panto:m2:1
# text = Panto can describe anything silly and over-the-top, as in «a bit of a panto».
1	Panto	panto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	over-the-top	over-the-top	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	panto	panto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can | Panto | anything |  |  |  | as a bit of a panto | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent anything=Theme as bit=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We go to the panto every Christmas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panto:x1:1
# text = We go to the panto every Christmas.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	panto	panto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | We | every Christmas |  | the panto |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to panto=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The audience shouted «He's behind you!» at the panto.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panto:x2:1
# text = The audience shouted «He's behind you!» at the panto.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	panto	panto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the audience |  |  | the panto |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | audience |  |  |  |  | behind you | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher played the dame in the school panto.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panto:x3:1
# text = Our teacher played the dame in the school panto.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dame	dame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	panto	panto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | Our teacher | the dame |  | the school panto |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dame=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This year's panto is Jack and the Beanstalk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panto:x4:1
# text = This year's panto is Jack and the Beanstalk.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	panto	panto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Beanstalk	Beanstalk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this year's panto | Jack and the Beanstalk |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone booed the panto villain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panto:x5:1
# text = Everyone booed the panto villain.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	booed	boo	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	panto	panto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boo** | past | Everyone | the panto villain |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oh no it isn't! Oh yes it is! — that's panto for you.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Oh no it isn't!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panto:x6:1
# text = Oh no it isn't!
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	1	discourse	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **be** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Oh yes it is! — that's panto for you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panto:x6:2
# text = Oh yes it is! — that's panto for you.
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	1	discourse	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	panto	panto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | that panto |  |  |  | for you | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The meeting turned into a bit of a panto.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:panto:x7:1
# text = The meeting turned into a bit of a panto.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	panto	panto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the meeting |  |  | a bit of a panto |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into bit=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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