---
title: papal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «papal» in the school dictionary: Papal means to do with the Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# papal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Papal, Crowds, papal flag, Vatican, papal power, They · **What happens:** mean, do, gather, see, be, hold · **To what, where:** papal visit, papal palace, papal letter, churches, history, papal car · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«papal» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [papal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/papal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Papal means to do with the Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papal:m1:1
# text = Papal means to do with the Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church.
1	Papal	papal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	Catholic	Catholic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Papal |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the Pope | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crowds gathered to see the papal visit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papal:x1:1
# text = Crowds gathered to see the papal visit.
1	Crowds	crowd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	papal	papal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	visit	visit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | Crowds |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Crowds *not said here* | the papal visit |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer visit=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The papal flag is yellow and white.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papal:x2:1
# text = The papal flag is yellow and white.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	papal	papal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the papal flag |  |  |  |  | yellow *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the papal flag *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vatican holds the papal palace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papal:x3:1
# text = The Vatican holds the papal palace.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vatican	Vatican	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	papal	papal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the Vatican | the papal palace |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent palace=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The papal letter was read in all the churches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papal:x4:1
# text = The papal letter was read in all the churches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	papal	papal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past · passive |  | the papal letter |  | all churches |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In history, papal power was very great in Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papal:x5:1
# text = In history, papal power was very great in Europe.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	papal	papal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | papal power |  |  | history |  | in Europe; great *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The papal car is sometimes called the Popemobile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papal:x6:1
# text = The papal car is sometimes called the Popemobile.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	papal	papal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Popemobile	Popemobile	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the papal car |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They came from Rome with a papal decree--a ban, or bull, against the widow who had dared to offend the pious bishop.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papal:x7:1
# text = They came from Rome with a papal decree--a ban, or bull, against the widow who had dared to offend the pious bishop.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	papal	papal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	decree	decree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ban	ban	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	against	against	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	dared	dare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	acl:relcl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	offend	offend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	pious	pious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	bishop	bishop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | They | bull |  | Rome |  | with a papal decree and a ban | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from rome=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **dare** | past · perfect | the widow |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **offend** | to-infinitive | the widow *not said here* | the pious bishop |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bishop=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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