---
title: paper — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «paper» in the school dictionary: Paper is the thin material we write and draw on. Books and newspapers are made of paper. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# paper

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Paper, we, Papers, She, student, He · **What happens:** be, write, draw on, make, mean, have · **To what, where:** thin material, Books, newspaper, documents, test, 20 sheets · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«paper» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [paper in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/paper.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paper is the thin material we write and draw on. Books and newspapers are made of paper.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Paper is the thin material we write and draw on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:m1:1
# text = Paper is the thin material we write and draw on.
1	Paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	write	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	draw	draw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Paper | the thin material |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | present | we | the thin material *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent material=Theme |
| 3 | **draw on** | present | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Books and newspapers are made of paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:m1:2
# text = Books and newspapers are made of paper.
1	Books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Books and newspapers |  |  |  | of paper | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A paper is a newspaper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:m2:1
# text = A paper is a newspaper.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a paper | a newspaper |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Papers are documents, like a passport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:m3:1
# text = Papers are documents, like a passport.
1	Papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	documents	document	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	passport	passport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Papers | documents and a passport |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A paper is also a test or a piece of written school work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:m4:1
# text = A paper is also a test or a piece of written school work.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
12	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a paper | a test or a piece of written school work |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paper (adjective) means made of paper: a paper plane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:m5:1
# text = Paper (adjective) means made of paper: a paper plane.
1	Paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Paper and adjective |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | of paper | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has 20 sheets of paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:x1:1
# text = She has 20 sheets of paper.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	sheets	sheet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | 20 sheets of paper |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheet=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each student gets 3 pieces of paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:x2:1
# text = Each student gets 3 pieces of paper.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | each student | 3 pieces of paper |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer piece=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He delivers 40 papers every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:x3:1
# text = He delivers 40 papers every day.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	delivers	deliver	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deliver** | present | He | 40 papers |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cut the paper into 4 equal parts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:x4:1
# text = Cut the paper into 4 equal parts.
1	Cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | imperative | you *not said here* | the paper |  | 4 equal parts |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent paper=Material into part=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fold the paper in half to find the line of symmetry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:x5:1
# text = Fold the paper in half to find the line of symmetry.
1	Fold	fold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	1	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	symmetry	symmetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fold** | imperative | you *not said here* | the paper |  | half |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent paper=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the line of symmetry |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paper is made from trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:x6:1
# text = Paper is made from trees.
1	Paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Paper |  | trees |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from tree=Material |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please recycle your scrap paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:x7:1
# text = Please recycle your scrap paper.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	recycle	recycle	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	scrap	scrap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recycle** | imperative | you *not said here* | your scrap paper |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad reads the paper at breakfast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:x8:1
# text = Dad reads the paper at breakfast.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | Dad | the paper |  | breakfast |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent paper=Theme at breakfast=Value |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made paper planes at lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:x9:1
# text = We made paper planes at lunch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | paper planes |  | lunch |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plane=Product |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Master clerk," said a servant who entered with some papers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paper:x10:1
# text = "Master clerk," said a servant who entered with some papers.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Master	master	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	clerk	clerk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Master clerk | a servant |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent servant=Topic |
| 2 | **enter** | past | a servant |  |  |  |  | with some papers | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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