---
title: paperback — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «paperback» in the school dictionary: A book with a soft cover made of thick paper, not a hard cover. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# paperback

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, paperback, hardback, book, She · **What happens:** make, buy, be, cost, bend, read · **To what, where:** soft cover, paperback, school bag, paperbacks, bus, hardback

<!-- .vabout -->
«paperback» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [paperback in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/paperback.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A book with a soft cover made of thick paper, not a hard cover.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paperback:m1:1
# text = A book with a soft cover made of thick paper, not a hard cover.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a soft cover *not said here* |  |  |  | of thick paper and a hard cover | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made with such a cover: the paperback edition.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paperback:m2:1
# text = Made with such a cover: the paperback edition.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	5	det:predet	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	paperback	paperback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	edition	edition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with such cover and the paperback edition | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I bought the paperback because it was cheaper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paperback:x1:1
# text = I bought the paperback because it was cheaper.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	paperback	paperback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | I | the paperback |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paperback=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | paperback |  |  |  |  | cheap *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The paperback costs £7 and the hardback costs £15.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paperback:x2:1
# text = The paperback costs £7 and the hardback costs £15.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	paperback	paperback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	£	£	SYM	$	_	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hardback	hardback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	£	£	SYM	$	_	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | the paperback |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme £=Value |
| 2 | **cost** | present | the hardback |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme £=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My paperback got bent in my school bag.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paperback:x3:1
# text = My paperback got bent in my school bag.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	paperback	paperback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	got	get	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	bent	bend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | past · passive |  | My paperback |  | my school bag |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: subject=Theme in bag=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The book is now out in paperback.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paperback:x4:1
# text = The book is now out in paperback.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
5	out	out	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	paperback	paperback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the book |  |  | paperback | now | out *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She reads paperbacks on the bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paperback:x5:1
# text = She reads paperbacks on the bus.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	paperbacks	paperback	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | She | paperbacks |  | the bus |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paperback=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How much more is the hardback than the paperback?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paperback:x6:1
# text = How much more is the hardback than the paperback?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hardback	hardback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	paperback	paperback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the hardback |  |  |  | than the paperback | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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