---
title: papua — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «papua» in the school dictionary: Papua is the name of a large area in the western half of the island of New Guinea, now part of Indonesia. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# papua

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Papua, It, name, Birds, We, Port · **What happens:** be, name, speak, live, find, read · **To what, where:** name, part, eastern half, country, 800 languages, Papua New Guinea · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«papua» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [papua in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/papua.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Papua is the name of a large area in the western half of the island of New Guinea, now part of Indonesia.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papua:m1:1
# text = Papua is the name of a large area in the western half of the island of New Guinea, now part of Indonesia.
1	Papua	papua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	8	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
21	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Papua | the name |  |  |  | of a large area in the western half of the island of New Guinea and part of Indonesia | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is part of the name of the country Papua New Guinea, which is on the eastern half of the same island, north of Australia.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papua:m2:1
# text = It is part of the name of the country Papua New Guinea, which is on the eastern half of the same island, north of Australia.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	Papua	Papua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	6	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	north	north	ADV	RB	_	27	compound	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | part |  |  |  | of the name of the country  Papua New Guinea and the eastern half | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the name of the country  Papua New Guinea and the eastern half |  |  | the eastern half |  | of the same island of north Australia | tree rules |
| 3 | **name** |  |  | the country  Papua New Guinea |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Papua New Guinea is just north of Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papua:x1:1
# text = Papua New Guinea is just north of Australia.
1	Papua	Papua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	north	north	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Papua and New Guinea |  |  |  |  | of Australia; north *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
More than 800 languages are spoken in Papua New Guinea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papua:x2:1
# text = More than 800 languages are spoken in Papua New Guinea.
1	More	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	3	advmod	_	_
2	than	than	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	800	800	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	Papua	Papua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
9	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | 800 languages |  | Papua New Guinea |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds of paradise live in the forests of Papua.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papua:x3:1
# text = Birds of paradise live in the forests of Papua.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	paradise	paradise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Papua	Papua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Birds of paradise |  |  | the forests of Papua |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found Papua on the map of Indonesia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papua:x4:1
# text = We found Papua on the map of Indonesia.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Papua	Papua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | Papua |  | the map of Indonesia |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent papua=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Port Moresby is the capital of Papua New Guinea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papua:x5:1
# text = Port Moresby is the capital of Papua New Guinea.
1	Port	Port	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Moresby	Moresby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Papua	Papua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Port | the capital |  |  |  | of Papua New Guinea | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class read about the mountains of Papua.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papua:x6:1
# text = Our class read about the mountains of Papua.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Papua	Papua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | Our class |  |  |  |  | about the mountains of Papua | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about mountain=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Papua New Guinea gained independence from Australia in 1975.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:papua:x7:1
# text = Papua New Guinea gained independence from Australia in 1975.
1	Papua	Papua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	gained	gain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1975	1975	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gain** | past | Papua and New Guinea | independence |  | Australia |  | in 1975 | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient independence=Extent from australia=Initial\_State in 1975=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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