---
title: parchment — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «parchment» in the school dictionary: A material for writing on, made long ago from the thin, dried skin of a sheep, goat or calf. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# parchment

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** material, yellowish paper, White Rabbit, Monks, skin, We · **What happens:** write on, make, dry, write, look, bake · **To what, where:** thin dried skin, document, it, yellowish paper, paper, Magna

<!-- .vabout -->
«parchment» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [parchment in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/parchment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A material for writing on, made long ago from the thin, dried skin of a sheep, goat or calf.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:m1:1
# text = A material for writing on, made long ago from the thin, dried skin of a sheep, goat or calf.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	writing	write	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write on** | gerund | a material *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | past | a material |  |  | the thin dried skin of a sheep and goat or calf |  | ago *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from skin=Material |
| 3 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A document written on it: an old parchment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:m2:1
# text = A document written on it: an old parchment.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	document	document	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | a document and a old parchment *not said here* |  | it |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on it=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thick, stiff, yellowish paper made to look like it (parchment paper); also baking paper.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:m3:1
# text = Thick, stiff, yellowish paper made to look like it (parchment paper); also baking paper.
1	Thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	yellowish	yellowish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	also	also	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	baking	bake	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
19	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | yellowish paper *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | yellowish paper *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like paper | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **bake** | gerund |  | paper |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Magna Carta was written on parchment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:x1:1
# text = Magna Carta was written on parchment.
1	Magna	Magna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	Carta	Carta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past · passive |  | Magna |  | parchment |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on parchment=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The White Rabbit unrolled the parchment scroll.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:x2:1
# text = The White Rabbit unrolled the parchment scroll.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	White	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Rabbit	Rabbit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	unrolled	unroll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	scroll	scroll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **unroll** | past | the White Rabbit | the parchment scroll |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent scroll=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirate's map was drawn on old parchment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:x3:1
# text = The pirate's map was drawn on old parchment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past · passive |  | the pirate's map |  | old parchment |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on parchment=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monks copied books onto parchment by hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:x4:1
# text = Monks copied books onto parchment by hand.
1	Monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past | Monks | books |  | parchment |  | by hand | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent book=Theme onto parchment=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Line the cake tin with baking parchment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:x5:1
# text = Line the cake tin with baking parchment.
1	Line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	baking	baking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man's skin looked like parchment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:x6:1
# text = The old man's skin looked like parchment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the old man's skin |  |  |  |  | like parchment | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made our certificates look like parchment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:x7:1
# text = We made our certificates look like parchment.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	certificates	certificate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present | our certificates |  |  |  |  | like parchment | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **certificate** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom certificate «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
CLIO, the muse of History, holds in her hand a roll of parchment, and wears a wreath of laurel.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:parchment:x8:1
# text = CLIO, the muse of History, holds in her hand a roll of parchment, and wears a wreath of laurel.
1	CLIO	clio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	muse	muse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	History	History	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	wreath	wreath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	laurel	laurel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | CLIO | CLIO's hand |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |
| 2 | **wear** | present | CLIO *not said here* | a wreath of laurel |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent wreath=Source |
| 3 | **roll** |  |  | parchment |  |  |  |  | nom roll «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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