---
title: pardon — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pardon» in the school dictionary: A word you say when you did not hear what someone said and want them to repeat it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pardon

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, someone, them, official decision, I, that · **What happens:** say, not hear, want, repeat, pardon, excuse · **To what, where:** word, them, me, someone, person, question · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pardon» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pardon in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pardon.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: polite — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A word you say when you did not hear what someone said and want them to repeat it.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:m1:1
# text = A word you say when you did not hear what someone said and want them to repeat it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	obj	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nsubj	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	repeat	repeat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | you | a word |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **hear** | past · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | someone |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **want** | present |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **repeat** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* | word |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: polite — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pardon me: sorry, or excuse me, after a small accident such as a burp or bumping someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:m2:1
# text = Pardon me: sorry, or excuse me, after a small accident such as a burp or bumping someone.
1	Pardon	pardon	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	excuse	excuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	burp	burp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	bumping	bump	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
20	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pardon** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **excuse** | infinitive |  | me |  |  | after a small accident such a burp |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 3 | **bump** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent someone=Instrument |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An official decision that a person will not be punished for a crime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:m3:1
# text = An official decision that a person will not be punished for a crime.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **punish** | future · passive | a official decision *not said here* | a person |  |  |  | for a crime | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for crime=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To forgive someone or free them from punishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:m4:1
# text = To forgive someone or free them from punishment.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	forgive	forgive	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forgive** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pardon? I didn't hear the question.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Pardon?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:x1:1
# text = Pardon?
1	Pardon	pardon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* I didn't hear the question.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:x1:2
# text = I didn't hear the question.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **hear** | past · do-support | I | the question |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer question=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pardon me, could I get past?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:x2:1
# text = Pardon me, could I get past?
1	Pardon	pardon	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
7	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pardon** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | could | I |  |  |  |  | past *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I beg your pardon, I think that is my seat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:x3:1
# text = I beg your pardon, I think that is my seat.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	beg	beg	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	pardon	pardon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beg** *speech: request* | present | I | your pardon |  |  |  |  | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent pardon=Recipient |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | that | my seat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **pardon** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom pardon «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king pardoned the thief.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:x4:1
# text = The king pardoned the thief.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pardoned	pardon	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pardon** | past | the king | the thief |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thief=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prisoner was given a pardon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:x5:1
# text = The prisoner was given a pardon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prisoner	prisoner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pardon	pardon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · passive |  | the prisoner |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient pardon=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pardon me for asking, but where did you buy that hat?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:x6:1
# text = Pardon me for asking, but where did you buy that hat?
1	Pardon	pardon	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
8	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
11	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pardon** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **buy** | past · do-support | you | that hat |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Pardon my French,» said Dad after he swore at the traffic.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:x7:1
# text = «Pardon my French,» said Dad after he swore at the traffic.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Pardon	pardon	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
9	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pardon** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | my French |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent french=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **swear** | past | Dad |  |  | the traffic |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Will you please pardon my rudeness?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pardon:x8:1
# text = Will you please pardon my rudeness?
1	Will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
4	pardon	pardon	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	rudeness	rudeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pardon** | future | you | my rudeness |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rudeness=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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