---
title: pare — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pare» in the school dictionary: To cut away the thin outer skin or edge of something, such as fruit or nails, with a knife. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pare

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mum, you, We, our, school, She · **What happens:** cut away, make, pare down, pare back, cost, pare · **To what, where:** thin outer skin, something, apple, one long curly strip, paring knife, potatoes

<!-- .vabout -->
«pare» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pare in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pare.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cut away the thin outer skin or edge of something, such as fruit or nails, with a knife.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pare:m1:1
# text = To cut away the thin outer skin or edge of something, such as fruit or nails, with a knife.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	away	away	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	nails	nail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut away** | to-infinitive |  | the thin outer skin or edge of something |  |  |  | with a knife | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient with knife=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make something smaller bit by bit: «pare down», «pare back» costs or a list.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pare:m2:1
# text = To make something smaller bit by bit: «pare down», «pare back» costs or a list.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	pare	pare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	down	down	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	pare	pare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
16	back	back	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
18	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | by bit | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 2 | **pare down** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **pare back** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **cost** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum pared the apple in one long curly strip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pare:x1:1
# text = Mum pared the apple in one long curly strip.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pared	pare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	curly	curly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	strip	strip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pare** | past | Mum | the apple |  | one long curly strip |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use a paring knife to pare the potatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pare:x2:1
# text = Use a paring knife to pare the potatoes.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	paring	paring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	pare	pare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | a paring knife |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Patient |
| 2 | **pare** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the potatoes |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent potato=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had to pare down our list of party guests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pare:x3:1
# text = We had to pare down our list of party guests.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	pare	pare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	guests	guest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pare down** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | our list of party guests |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent list=Patient |
| 3 | **list** |  | our | party guests |  |  |  |  | nom list «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school pared back spending on trips this year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pare:x4:1
# text = The school pared back spending on trips this year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pared	pare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	spending	spend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	trips	trip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pare back** | past | the school |  |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **spend** | gerund | the school *not said here* |  |  |  | year | on trips *goal* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent on trip=Goal |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She pared her story down to 300 words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pare:x5:1
# text = She pared her story down to 300 words.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pared	pare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pare down** | past | She | her story |  |  |  | to 300 words; down *property* | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa pared his fingernails on the porch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pare:x6:1
# text = Grandpa pared his fingernails on the porch.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pared	pare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	fingernails	fingernail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	porch	porch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pare** | past | Grandpa | Grandpa's fingernails |  | the porch |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fingernail=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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