---
title: pass — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pass» in the school dictionary: To pass something is to give it to the next person. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pass

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, Time, it, pass, ticket, Sam · **What happens:** pass, be, go, go by, let in, throw · **To what, where:** something, school, test, kick, you, ball

<!-- .vabout -->
«pass» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pass in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pass.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To pass something is to give it to the next person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:m1:1
# text = To pass something is to give it to the next person.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the next person; give *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To pass is to go by or go past something: «We passed the school».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:m2:1
# text = To pass is to go by or go past something: «We passed the school».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
9	past	past	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | go *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  | something |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme past something=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **pass** *in a quote* | past | We | the school |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme school=Trajectory |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To pass a test is to do well enough in it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:m3:1
# text = To pass a test is to do well enough in it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
9	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  | a test |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme test=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | test |  | do, enough, well *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Time passes when it goes by.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:m4:1
# text = Time passes when it goes by.
1	Time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | Time |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go by** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pass is a kick or throw of the ball to a teammate, or a ticket that lets you in.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:m5:1
# text = A pass is a kick or throw of the ball to a teammate, or a ticket that lets you in.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kick	kick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	throw	throw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	teammate	teammate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ticket	ticket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pass | a kick or throw of the ball to a teammate |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let in** | present | a ticket | you |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 3 | **throw** |  |  | the ball to a teammate |  |  |  |  | nom throw «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pass can also be a narrow gap or route through mountains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:m6:1
# text = A pass can also be a narrow gap or route through mountains.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a pass | a narrow gap or route through mountains |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam passes 3 cards to Ben.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:x1:1
# text = Sam passes 3 cards to Ben.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | Sam | 3 cards | Ben |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent card=Theme to ben=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lily passed 2 apples to each of her 4 friends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:x2:1
# text = Lily passed 2 apples to each of her 4 friends.
1	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | Lily | 2 apples | each |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent apple=Theme to each=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Max passes the ball 6 times.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:x3:1
# text = Max passes the ball 6 times.
1	Max	Max	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | Max | the ball |  |  | time |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ball=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please pass the salt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:x4:1
# text = Please pass the salt.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	pass	pass	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | imperative | you *not said here* | the salt |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme salt=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We pass the library on the way to school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:x5:1
# text = We pass the library on the way to school.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | We | the library |  | the way to school |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent library=Theme on way=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Zoe passed her piano exam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:x6:1
# text = Zoe passed her piano exam.
1	Zoe	Zoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | Zoe | Zoe's piano exam |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme exam=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two hours passed before the rain stopped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:x7:1
# text = Two hours passed before the rain stopped.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | participle · passive |  | Two hours |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory |
| 2 | **stop** | past | the rain |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You need a bus pass to ride for free.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:x8:1
# text = You need a bus pass to ride for free.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	ride	ride	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | You | a bus pass |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot pass=Theme |
| 2 | **ride** | to-infinitive | You *not said here* | a bus pass *not said here* |  |  |  | for free | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bravely they stood in the narrow pass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pass:x9:1
# text = Bravely they stood in the narrow pass.
1	Bravely	bravely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | they |  |  | the narrow pass |  | bravely *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in pass=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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