---
title: passer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «passer» in the school dictionary: A person who passes by, usually in "passer-by" (plural passers-by): someone walking past a place. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# passer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, player, passer, She, quarterback, kind passer · **What happens:** pass by, walk, pass, call, stop, watch · **To what, where:** place, ball, test, ambulance, Passers, street performer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«passer» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [passer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/passer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who passes by, usually in "passer-by" (plural passers-by): someone walking past a place.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:m1:1
# text = A person who passes by, usually in "passer-by" (plural passers-by): someone walking past a place.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	passer	passer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	plural	plural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	passers	passer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
21	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	conj	_	_
22	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
23	past	past	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass by** | present | a person and passer |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  | a place |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme past place=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A player who passes the ball, especially a good one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:m2:1
# text = A player who passes the ball, especially a good one.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | a player | the ball and a good one |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ball=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a great passer".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:m2e:1
# text = "a great passer".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	passer	passer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who passes a test or exam (rare).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:m3:1
# text = Someone who passes a test or exam (rare).
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present |  | a test or exam |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme test=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A passer-by called an ambulance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:x1:1
# text = A passer-by called an ambulance.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	passer	passer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ambulance	ambulance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | a passer *not said here* | a ambulance |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Passers-by stopped to watch the street performer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:x2:1
# text = Passers-by stopped to watch the street performer.
1	Passers	passer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	performer	performer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | participle · passive |  | Passers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive |  | the street performer |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent performer=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is the best passer in our netball team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:x3:1
# text = She is the best passer in our netball team.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	passer	passer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	netball	netball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | the best passer |  | our netball team |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The quarterback is a brilliant passer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:x4:1
# text = The quarterback is a brilliant passer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	quarterback	quarterback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	brilliant	brilliant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	passer	passer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the quarterback | a brilliant passer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kind passer-by found my lost glove.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:x5:1
# text = A kind passer-by found my lost glove.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	passer	passer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	glove	glove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle | a kind passer *not said here* | my lost glove |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glove=Topic |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No passers-by noticed the tiny kitten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:x6:1
# text = No passers-by noticed the tiny kitten.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	passers	passer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	noticed	notice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	kitten	kitten	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | participle | no passers | the tiny kitten |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer kitten=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘What in the world are you doing?’ asked a passer-by.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:passer:x7:1
# text = ‘What in the world are you doing?’ asked a passer-by.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	obj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
11	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	passer	passer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past |  |  | a passer |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent passer=Recipient clause=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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