---
title: pasta — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pasta» in the school dictionary: Pasta is a food made from flour, water and sometimes egg, made into shapes like spaghetti, macaroni or penne and boiled before eating. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pasta

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Pasta, We, you, Mum, favourite, little water · **What happens:** be, make, boil, eat, mean, have · **To what, where:** food, flour, shapes, dish, pasta, Spaghetti kinds

<!-- .vabout -->
«pasta» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pasta in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pasta.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pasta is a food made from flour, water and sometimes egg, made into shapes like spaghetti, macaroni or penne and boiled before eating.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasta:m1:1
# text = Pasta is a food made from flour, water and sometimes egg, made into shapes like spaghetti, macaroni or penne and boiled before eating.
1	Pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	12	advmod	_	_
12	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	spaghetti	spaghetti	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	macaroni	macaroni	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	penne	penne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	boiled	boil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
25	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pasta | a food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a food *not said here* |  | flour and water and egg |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from flour=Material |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  |  |  | shapes like spaghetti and macaroni or penne |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into shape=Product |
| 4 | **boil** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pasta can also mean a dish made with pasta, like a pasta bake.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasta:m2:1
# text = A pasta can also mean a dish made with pasta, like a pasta bake.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dish	dish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	bake	bake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a pasta | a dish |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dish=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a dish *not said here* |  |  |  | with pasta; like a pasta bake | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had pasta with tomato sauce for dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasta:x1:1
# text = We had pasta with tomato sauce for dinner.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	tomato	tomato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sauce	sauce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | pasta |  |  |  | with tomato sauce for dinner | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pasta=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spaghetti and macaroni are kinds of pasta.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasta:x2:1
# text = Spaghetti and macaroni are kinds of pasta.
1	Spaghetti	spaghetti	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	macaroni	macaroni	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Spaghetti kinds |  |  |  | of pasta | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pasta grows soft when you boil it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasta:x3:1
# text = Pasta grows soft when you boil it.
1	Pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	boil	boil	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Pasta |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **boil** | present | you | Pasta |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum drained the pasta in the sink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasta:x4:1
# text = Mum drained the pasta in the sink.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drained	drain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sink	sink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drain** | past | Mum | the pasta |  | the sink |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent pasta=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We counted dried pasta shapes in maths.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasta:x5:1
# text = We counted dried pasta shapes in maths.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | past · passive |  | We |  | maths |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My favourite is cheesy pasta bake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasta:x6:1
# text = My favourite is cheesy pasta bake.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	favourite	favourite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	cheesy	cheesy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bake	bake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My favourite | cheesy pasta bake |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pasta is a good source of energy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasta:x7:1
# text = Pasta is a good source of energy.
1	Pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pasta | a good source |  |  |  | of energy | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pasta stuck together because there was too little water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasta:x8:1
# text = The pasta stuck together because there was too little water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick together** | participle |  | the pasta *not said here* |  |  |  | together *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **be** | past | little water |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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