---
title: pasteurise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pasteurise» in the school dictionary: To heat a drink or food, like milk or juice, to a set temperature for a short time to kill harmful germs, then cool it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pasteurise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Louis, heating, factory, Pregnant women, We · **What happens:** heat, kill, cool, pasteuris, show, stop · **To what, where:** drink, harmful germs, temperature, Milk, harmful bacteria, germs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pasteurise» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pasteurise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pasteurise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To heat a drink or food, like milk or juice, to a set temperature for a short time to kill harmful germs, then cool it.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasteurise:m1:1
# text = To heat a drink or food, like milk or juice, to a set temperature for a short time to kill harmful germs, then cool it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	heat	heat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	set	set	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	acl	_	_
23	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	27	advmod	_	_
27	cool	cool	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heat** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a drink or food |  |  |  | like milk or juice; to a set temperature for a short time *result* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent drink=Patient to temperature=Result |
| 2 | **kill** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | harmful germs |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme |
| 3 | **cool** | imperative | you *not said here* | temperature |  |  | then |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Milk is pasteurised to kill harmful bacteria.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasteurise:x1:1
# text = Milk is pasteurised to kill harmful bacteria.
1	Milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	pasteurised	pasteuris	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pasteuris** | present · passive |  | Milk |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **kill** | to-infinitive |  | harmful bacteria |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Louis Pasteur showed how heating could stop germs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasteurise:x2:1
# text = Louis Pasteur showed how heating could stop germs.
1	Louis	Louis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Pasteur	Pasteur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	heating	heating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Louis |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stop** | could | heating | germs |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality germ=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The factory pasteurises the apple juice before bottling it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasteurise:x3:1
# text = The factory pasteurises the apple juice before bottling it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pasteurises	pasteuris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	bottling	bottle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pasteuris** | present | the factory | the apple juice |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bottle** | gerund | the factory *not said here* | juice |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pregnant women are told to avoid some unpasteurised cheeses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasteurise:x4:1
# text = Pregnant women are told to avoid some unpasteurised cheeses.
1	Pregnant	pregnant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
8	unpasteurised	unpasteuris	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	cheeses	cheese	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | Pregnant women |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **avoid** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Pregnant women *not said here* | some unpasteurised cheeses |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent cheese=Location |
| 3 | **unpasteuris** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pasteurising does not boil the milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasteurise:x5:1
# text = Pasteurising does not boil the milk.
1	Pasteurising	pasteuris	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	boil	boil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pasteuris** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **boil** | present · do-support |  | the milk |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent milk=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learnt how farmers pasteurise milk in science.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pasteurise:x6:1
# text = We learnt how farmers pasteurise milk in science.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learnt	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	pasteurise	pasteurise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **pasteurise** | present | farmers | milk |  | science |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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