---
title: pastime — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pastime» in the school dictionary: Something you enjoy doing in your free time, such as a hobby, game or sport. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pastime

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Reading, Fishing, pastimes, pastime, Drawing · **What happens:** enjoy, do, be, call, include, knit · **To what, where:** favourite pastime, popular pastime, Ireland, Baseball, hoops, comics · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pastime» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pastime in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pastime.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something you enjoy doing in your free time, such as a hobby, game or sport.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastime:m1:1
# text = Something you enjoy doing in your free time, such as a hobby, game or sport.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	enjoy	enjoy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enjoy** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reading is my favourite pastime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastime:x1:1
# text = Reading is my favourite pastime.
1	Reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	pastime	pastime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Reading | my favourite pastime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fishing is a popular pastime in Ireland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastime:x2:1
# text = Fishing is a popular pastime in Ireland.
1	Fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	pastime	pastime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fishing | a popular pastime |  | Ireland |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Baseball is called America's national pastime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastime:x3:1
# text = Baseball is called America's national pastime.
1	Baseball	baseball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pastime	pastime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Baseball |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Victorian children's pastimes included hoops and marbles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastime:x4:1
# text = Victorian children's pastimes included hoops and marbles.
1	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	pastimes	pastime	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	included	include	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	hoops	hoop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | past | Victorian children's pastimes | hoops and marbles |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hoop=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma's pastime is knitting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastime:x5:1
# text = Grandma's pastime is knitting.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	pastime	pastime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	knitting	knit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knit** | present · progressive | Grandma's pastime |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drawing comics is a fun pastime on rainy days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastime:x6:1
# text = Drawing comics is a fun pastime on rainy days.
1	Drawing	draw	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	comics	comic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fun	fun	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pastime	pastime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	rainy	rainy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | gerund |  | comics |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comic=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Drawing | a fun pastime |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Another favorite pastime of Kintaro’s was to smash up rocks and stones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastime:x7:1
# text = Another favorite pastime of Kintaro’s was to smash up rocks and stones.
1	Another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	favorite	favorite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pastime	pastime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Kintaro	Kintaro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’s	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	smash	smash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Kintaro's favorite pastime |  |  |  |  | smash *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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