---
title: pastry — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pastry» in the school dictionary: A pastry is a small baked sweet food made with dough, like a croissant, a Danish or a tart. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pastry

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pastry, baker, He, many more pastries, I, you · **What happens:** bake, be, make, use, sell, leave · **To what, where:** small baked sweet food, dough, fat, 140 pastries, 103 pastries, many pastries · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pastry» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pastry in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pastry.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pastry is a small baked sweet food made with dough, like a croissant, a Danish or a tart.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:m1:1
# text = A pastry is a small baked sweet food made with dough, like a croissant, a Danish or a tart.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	baked	bake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	croissant	croissant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Danish	danish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	tart	tart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a pastry | a small baked sweet food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | a small baked sweet food *not said here* |  |  |  | with dough; like a croissant | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pastry is the dough made of flour, fat and water that is used for pies and tarts.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:m2:1
# text = Pastry is the dough made of flour, fat and water that is used for pies and tarts.
1	Pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	pies	pie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	tarts	tart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pastry | the dough and fat and water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | the dough and fat and water *not said here* |  |  |  | of flour | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **use** | present · passive |  | fat and water |  |  |  | for pies and tarts | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for pie=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baker made 140 pastries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x1:1
# text = The baker made 140 pastries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baker	baker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	140	140	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pastries	pastry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the baker | 140 pastries |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pastry=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sold 103 pastries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x2:1
# text = He sold 103 pastries.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	103	103	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	pastries	pastry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | He | 103 pastries |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pastry=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many pastries did he have left?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x3:1
# text = How many pastries did he have left?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pastries	pastry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · perfect · passive · do-support |  | many pastries |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many more pastries than cakes did he sell?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x4:1
# text = How many more pastries than cakes did he sell?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	pastries	pastry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past · do-support | many more pastries than cakes |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had a pastry with my hot chocolate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x5:1
# text = I had a pastry with my hot chocolate.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a pastry |  |  |  | with my hot chocolate | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pastry=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roll the pastry out thin for the pie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x6:1
# text = Roll the pastry out thin for the pie.
1	Roll	roll	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
5	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pie	pie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll out** | imperative | you *not said here* | the pastry |  |  |  | thin *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pastry=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pastry chef makes cream puffs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x7:1
# text = The pastry chef makes cream puffs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	puffs	puff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the pastry chef | cream puffs |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset puff=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Puff pastry has lots of thin layers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x8:1
# text = Puff pastry has lots of thin layers.
1	Puff	puff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Puff pastry | lots of thin layers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sausage roll is wrapped in pastry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x9:1
# text = A sausage roll is wrapped in pastry.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sausage	sausage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	wrapped	wrap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrap** | present · passive |  | a sausage roll |  | pastry |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in pastry=Destination |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pastry shop smelled of butter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x10:1
# text = The pastry shop smelled of butter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the pastry shop |  |  |  |  | of butter | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location of butter=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But just as the Country Mouse was about to nibble a dainty bit of pastry, she heard a Cat mew loudly and scratch at the door.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pastry:x11:1
# text = But just as the Country Mouse was about to nibble a dainty bit of pastry, she heard a Cat mew loudly and scratch at the door.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
3	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Country	Country	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Mouse	Mouse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	about	about	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	nibble	nibble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	dainty	dainty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	mew	mew	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	ccomp	_	_
22	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Country Mouse |  |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **nibble** | to-infinitive | the Country Mouse *not said here* | a dainty bit of pastry |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Patient |
| 3 | **hear** | past | Mouse |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **mew** | infinitive | a Cat |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **scratch** | infinitive | a Cat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the door | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at door=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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