---
title: patent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «patent» in the school dictionary: Patent means obvious or easy to see, and also describes shiny leather with a glossy coating (patent leather). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# patent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Patent, official right, new shoes, inventor, glue, other shop · **What happens:** mean, see, describe, be, stop, copy · **To what, where:** shiny leather, official right, others, invention, patent, glue

<!-- .vabout -->
«patent» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [patent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/patent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Patent means obvious or easy to see, and also describes shiny leather with a glossy coating (patent leather).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patent:m1:1
# text = Patent means obvious or easy to see, and also describes shiny leather with a glossy coating (patent leather).
1	Patent	patent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	obvious	obvious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	also	also	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	glossy	glossy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	patent	patent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Patent |  |  |  |  | obvious *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Patent *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **describe** | present |  | shiny leather |  |  |  | with a glossy coating | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent leather=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A patent is an official right that stops others from copying and selling an invention.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patent:m2:1
# text = A patent is an official right that stops others from copying and selling an invention.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	patent	patent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	copying	copy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	selling	sell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	invention	invention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a patent | a official right |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | present | a official right | others |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality other=Eventuality |
| 3 | **copy** | gerund | a official right *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **sell** | gerund | a official right *not said here* | a invention |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent invention=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her new shoes were of patent leather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patent:x1:1
# text = Her new shoes were of patent leather.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	patent	patent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her new shoes |  |  |  |  | of patent leather | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The inventor got a patent for his new machine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patent:x2:1
# text = The inventor got a patent for his new machine.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	inventor	inventor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	patent	patent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the inventor | a patent |  |  |  | for inventor's new machine | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent patent=Theme for machine=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The glue was patent, so no other shop could sell it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patent:x3:1
# text = The glue was patent, so no other shop could sell it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glue	glue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	patent	patent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the glue |  |  |  |  | patent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sell** | could | no other shop | glue |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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