---
title: patented — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «patented» in the school dictionary: Got a patent: an official right that says only the inventor may make or sell an invention for a number of years. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# patented

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** official right, inventor, patented zip, She, You, patented chocolate cake · **What happens:** get, say, make, sell, protect, patent · **To what, where:** patent, inventor, invention, new kind, idea, company · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«patented» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [patented in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/patented.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Got a patent: an official right that says only the inventor may make or sell an invention for a number of years.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patented:m1:1
# text = Got a patent: an official right that says only the inventor may make or sell an invention for a number of years.
1	Got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	patent	patent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	inventor	inventor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	invention	invention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past |  | a patent |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer patent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a official right | the inventor |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent inventor=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | may | a official right |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **sell** | infinitive | a official right *not said here* | a invention |  |  |  | for a number of years | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent invention=Theme for number=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Protected by a patent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patented:m2:1
# text = Protected by a patent.
1	Protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	patent	patent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a patent | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, joking — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Special and typical of one person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patented:m3:1
# text = Special and typical of one person.
1	Special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	typical	typical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad's patented pancake flip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patented:m3e:1
# text = Dad's patented pancake flip.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	patented	patent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
4	pancake	pancake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	flip	flip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **patent** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The inventor patented his new kind of light bulb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patented:x1:1
# text = The inventor patented his new kind of light bulb.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	inventor	inventor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	patented	patent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **patent** | past | the inventor | inventor's new kind of light bulb |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This patented zip never gets stuck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patented:x2:1
# text = This patented zip never gets stuck.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	patented	patent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	zip	zip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **patent** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **get** | present | this patented zip |  |  |  |  | stuck *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She patented her idea before showing it to any company.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patented:x3:1
# text = She patented her idea before showing it to any company.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	patented	patent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **patent** | past | She | her idea |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | gerund | She *not said here* | idea | any company |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Topic to company=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You cannot copy a patented machine without permission.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patented:x4:1
# text = You cannot copy a patented machine without permission.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	copy	copy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	patented	patent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **copy** | can | You | a patented machine |  |  |  | without permission | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent machine=Theme |
| 2 | **patent** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Here comes Grandma's patented chocolate cake!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patented:x5:1
# text = Here comes Grandma's patented chocolate cake!
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	patented	patent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
6	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Grandma's patented chocolate cake |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **patent** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The design was patented, so other firms had to pay to use it.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:patented:x6:1
# text = The design was patented, so other firms had to pay to use it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	patented	patent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	firms	firm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **patent** | past · passive |  | the design |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | other firms |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pay** | to-infinitive | other firms *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **use** | to-infinitive | other firms *not said here* | design |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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