---
title: paternal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «paternal» in the school dictionary: Like a father or to do with being a father: caring and protective. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# paternal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** paternal grandmother, paternal grandparents, Male seahorses, old captain, Paternal leave, dads · **What happens:** do, be, care, relate, live, show · **To what, where:** mother, Scotland, amazing paternal care, paternal feeling, home, sister

<!-- .vabout -->
«paternal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [paternal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/paternal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Like a father or to do with being a father: caring and protective.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paternal:m1:1
# text = Like a father or to do with being a father: caring and protective.
1	Like	like	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	caring	care	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	advcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	protective	protective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | like a father | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with a father | tree rules |
| 3 | **care** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Related through your father.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paternal:m2:1
# text = Related through your father.
1	Related	relate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	through	through	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **relate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | through your father | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"my paternal grandmother" is your father's mother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paternal:m2e:1
# text = "my paternal grandmother" is your father's mother.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	paternal	paternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | my paternal grandmother | your father's mother |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My paternal grandparents live in Scotland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paternal:x1:1
# text = My paternal grandparents live in Scotland.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	paternal	paternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | My paternal grandparents |  |  | Scotland |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in scotland=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Male seahorses show amazing paternal care.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paternal:x2:1
# text = Male seahorses show amazing paternal care.
1	Male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	seahorses	seahorse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	paternal	paternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Male seahorses | amazing paternal care |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent care=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old captain had a paternal feeling for his young crew.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paternal:x3:1
# text = The old captain had a paternal feeling for his young crew.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	paternal	paternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	crew	crew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old captain | a paternal feeling |  |  |  | for captain's young crew | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paternal leave lets dads stay at home with a new baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paternal:x4:1
# text = Paternal leave lets dads stay at home with a new baby.
1	Paternal	Paternal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	leave	leave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	dads	dad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | Paternal leave |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stay** | infinitive | dads |  |  | home |  | with a new baby | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at home=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My paternal aunt is my dad's sister.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paternal:x5:1
# text = My paternal aunt is my dad's sister.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	paternal	paternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My paternal aunt | my dad's sister |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Emperor penguin fathers are very paternal; they keep the egg warm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paternal:x6:1
# text = Emperor penguin fathers are very paternal; they keep the egg warm.
1	Emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	penguin	penguin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	paternal	paternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | penguin fathers |  |  |  |  | paternal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present | fathers *= father* | the egg |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As the father of men, he takes a paternal interest in the actions and well-being of mortals.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paternal:x7:1
# text = As the father of men, he takes a paternal interest in the actions and well-being of mortals.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	paternal	paternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	actions	action	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	cop	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	mortals	mortal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | he | a paternal interest |  | the actions |  | as the father of men | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent interest=Theme as father=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of mortals; well *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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